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洪磊:私募自律管理面临三难题 相关规定亟待完善明晰

2017-08-21 17:48:46   新华网

新华网北京8月21日电(记者 高畅) 自2014年2月中国证券投资基金业协会开始私募基金登记备案以来,有关“怎样的产品符合基金的本质、是否应予备案”等问题引发业界的关注与思考。

如何落实《基金法》各项原则来实现行业自律以及在实践过程中又遇到了哪些现实障碍?对此,近日中国基金业协会会长洪磊公开表示,“在推动自律管理实践和规则体系建设过程中,《基金法》是行业发展的准绳,但市场各方对《基金法》的理念、原则、规则的理解不尽一致,对市场中出现的新情况、新问题仍缺少准确把握。”

    自律管理面临三大难题

私募基金登记备案制度推行之初,基金业协会实施全口径登记备案,只要申请,就接受其信息并进行形式性审查,除合格投资者、非公开募集等形式要件外,并不对其基金属性作实质性判断。

洪磊指出,由于《基金法》并没有定义什么是基金,导致监管与自律难以把握准确的边界。“目前,由于上位法和自律规则不够明确和健全,在登记备案中仍无法将是否组合投资、是否风险自担等基金的本质要求落实到位,大量名为受托管理、实则为单一项目提供融资的资金中介业务无法得到有效管理,私募行业仍然面临非法集资、受托职责不清、利益冲突、明股实债等问题的严重困扰,给市场和监管带来较大风险。”洪磊说。

第二,公司型基金、合伙型基金的受托责任主体在实践中并不容易界定清楚。

“对于公司型基金,其受托责任的主体应该是公司的董事会还是董事会委托的基金管理人?对于合伙型基金,其受托责任的主体是否是普通合伙人?保障基金财产安全的托管职责如何实现?上述问题与登记备案、自律执纪等实践操作密切相关,但是由于缺少广泛共识,行业机构和自律部门均面临比较大的困扰。”洪磊说。

第三,当前广泛存在的所谓“通道”业务,往往存在募集与投资管理责任不清晰、权责不匹配的监管套利以及层层嵌套等问题。洪磊说,“募集职责与投资顾问职责有待进一步明确。”

实践中,同时从事募集与投资管理活动的机构并不多,更多的情况是“只管不募”或“只募不管”。目前,公募基金和私募基金很多都属于“只管不募”,募集功能往往交给销售机构来完成。在代销关系中,销售机构对投资者负有的责任与基金募集人对投资者应该承担的受托责任是有显著区别的。

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