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扶贫小额贷款再迎政策规范

2017-08-21 10:33:20   中国经济网

■本报记者 李林鸾

【农村金融时报】

自国务院扶贫办、财政部、人民银行、银监会、保监会《关于创新发展扶贫小额信贷的指导意见》印发以来,全国各地、各部门认真落实有关政策,积极探索、稳步推进扶贫小额信贷发放和管理工作,在帮助贫困户发展生产、增收脱贫等方面取得了明显成效。扶贫小额信贷已成为精准扶贫、精准脱贫的金融服务品牌。

但记者在各地采访、调研时发现,在某些地方扶贫小额信贷操作过程中,也存在着资金使用不合理、贷款发放不合规、风险管理不到位等问题。“这些问题具有普遍性,在局部地区甚至很严重。”中国社会科学院农村发展研究所农村金融研究室主任孙同全在接受《农村金融时报》记者采访时表示。

为进一步加强扶贫小额信贷管理,切实纠正各地扶贫小额信贷工作中出现的偏差,更好地发挥其在精准扶贫、精准脱贫中的作用,近日,国务院扶贫办、财政部、人民银行、银监会与保监会联合印发了《关于促进扶贫小额信贷健康发展的通知》(以下简称《通知》)。

众所周知,扶贫小额信贷是为建档立卡贫困户量身定制的金融精准扶贫产品,其政策要点是“5万元以下、3年期以内、免担保免抵押、基准利率放贷、财政贴息、县建风险补偿金”。

《通知》进一步强调:“扶贫小额信贷要始终精确瞄准建档立卡贫困户,各银行业金融机构要加大对信用良好、有贷款意愿、有就业创业潜质、技能素质和一定还款能力的建档立卡贫困户支持力度。对已经脱贫的建档立卡贫困户,在脱贫攻坚期内保持扶贫小额信贷支持政策不变,力度不减。”

对此,《通知》要求,各地扶贫部门要加强对扶贫小额信贷和贴息对象的审查,在县乡村三级公告公示,防止非建档立卡贫困户“搭便车”。要将信用水平和还款能力作为发放扶贫小额信贷的主要参考标准,发放过程要符合法律法规和信贷管理规定。

借款合同要明确贷款资金用途,坚持户借、户还,切实防范冒名借款、违规用款等问题。

而银行业金融机构则要将扶贫小额信贷精准用于贫困户发展生产或能有效带动贫困户致富脱贫的特色优势产业。“不能用于建房、理财、购置家庭用品等非生产性支出,更不能将扶贫小额信贷打包用于政府融资平台、房地产开发、基础设施建设等。”《通知》强调,各银行业金融机构在探索将扶贫小额信贷资金用于有效带动贫困户致富脱贫的特色优势产业过程中,必须坚持贫困户自愿和贫困户参与两项基本原则,使贫困户融入产业发展并长期受益,提高贫困户脱贫内生发展动力。

在备受关注的扶贫小额信贷风险管理方面,《通知》要求各地财政和扶贫部门要积极推动建立和完善风险补偿和分担机制。风险补偿金要按规定及时拨付到位,专款专存、专款专用、封闭运行。科学合理确定风险补偿金放大贷款倍数,明确政府与银行业金融机构风险分担比例,不得将风险补偿金混同为担保金使用。鼓励开展农业保险保单质押贷款等银保合作模式试点。

在积极稳步推进扶贫小额信贷服务创新的同时,加强贷款管理,稳妥办理无还本续贷业务,区别对待逾期和不良贷款,适当提高不良贷款容忍度,加快完善尽职免责制度。

《通知》还强调各单位要加强统计监测和评估考核,做好政策宣传解读,确保贫困户真正把握“免担保、免抵押、基准利率放贷、财政贴息”等政策要点。

“从监管层面发文能够对前述问题起到一定的遏止作用。”孙同全表示,“但必须认清的是,金融扶贫不是财政扶贫,有效运用金融手段参与扶贫的基本前提是信用培育和维护。也就是说金融扶贫要遵循市场规律,才能更好地与财政扶贫有机结合。”

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