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以金融力量助推绿色可持续发展

2017-08-18 16:36:57   中国经济网

■本报记者 阳爱姣

【农村金融时报】

日前,湖州市发布《湖州市国家绿色金融改革创新试验区建设实施方案》,  从“环保一票否决”被当地所有银行纳入信贷管理全流程,到国内首个地方性“绿色银行”监管评价体系的构建,浙江省湖州市正上演着一幕幕“点绿成金”的金融大剧。

在全球竞相发展绿色经济、寻求经济可持续发展路径的大背景下,建立和完善绿色金融体系已经成为我国调整产业结构、撬动经济增长的新支点。

具体来看,我国正处于经济发展模式转型的关键时期,绿色金融在信贷投放上将资金从高污染、高能耗的产业流向有利于生态保护及环境污染治理的产业,成为推动结构调整的重要动力。

基于此,《中共中央、国务院关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》、《生态文明体制改革总体方案》、《十三五规划纲要》和《关于构建绿色金融体系的指导意见》等一系列文件明确了绿色金融的顶层设计、政策安排以及实施举措。

今年6月,国务院常务会议决定,在浙江、江西、广东、贵州、新疆5省(区)选择部分地方,建设各有侧重、各具特色的绿色金融改革创新试验区,在体制机制上探索可复制、可推广的经验。这一举措将绿色金融体系建设推向了实操阶段。

政策的支持和指引使我国绿色金融市场规模快速扩大,参与主体、涉及的行业及金融工具不断丰富。

记者了解到,截至今年一季度末,河北省银行业已发放绿色信贷14.4万笔2213.99亿元,河南、江西两省的绿色信贷余额也分别达1496.10亿元和1569亿元。截至今年4月末,兴业银行已累计为众多节能环保企业或项目提供了绿色金融融资1.2亿元,绿色金融融资余额达到5670亿元。

从目前的趋势看,绿色金融仍有较大的发展空间。

从政府和社会角度来看,绿色金融的相关政策体系尚不完善,行业标准尚未统一。在经济增速放缓的情况下,在税收方面缺少实质性的优惠政策,且单纯通过财税手段推进绿色金融发展的空间十分有限;部分地区对绿色金融的发展尚缺乏足够重视,金融在资源配置方面的作用未得到充分发挥。

从金融机构角度来看,一是绿色金融的产品和服务体系不健全,主要集中在绿色信贷方面;二是绿色金融的服务范围和覆盖面较窄,主要集中在对大型企业的支持上;三是内部激励约束机制不足,导致经营机构发展绿色金融业务的积极性不足,风险防控也有待加强。

因此,国家层面应加快明确和制定绿色金融标准和规则,对绿色项目实施差异化授信和考核机制,鼓励小额贷款、金融租赁、创投、私募基金、保险等多种资本参与绿色投资,将更有力地推动绿色金融的发展。不同地区间应根据当地的产业结构、发展目标、金融市场发展情况以及环境生态和资源特征,因地制宜构建地方绿色金融发展规划。

金融机构则应以优化结构促进绿色金融的发展。探索符合绿色产业特性的特色信贷模式,拓宽绿色金融项目范围,加大节能环保贷款、能效贷款的开发、设计与环境金融产品挂钩的理财产品。同时,根据绿色项目的特点,以及贷款客户的信用状况和还款能力,确定合理的贷款额度和贷款利率,开发与之相匹配的金融产品。

此外,还应加强对绿色金融相关政策的研究,加强与第三方评估机构的沟通和合作,建立匹配绿色项目的风险审批机制和风险控制手段;加强绿色金融与物流金融的联动,为企业提供结算、投资理财、结构化融资等配套绿色金融服务,促进绿色金融深入发展。

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