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黄帆:如何避开投资理财的“雷区”?

2017-08-14 09:19:37   中国经济网

黄帆

最近,一则关于“信和财富兑付危机”的报道在朋友圈被刷屏了。还记得就在3年前,信和财富的募集资金规模迅速膨胀,各大电视台反复播放令人耳熟能详的动人广告词:“信和财富,说话算数”。看来,本息如期兑付的承诺不算数了。

前年起,“三方财富管理”行业连续爆雷:泛亚、e租宝、大大集团、快鹿、中晋等P2P知名平台陆续“出事”,在让许许多多的追求高固定收益的“理财”者越来越变得寝食不安的同时,也让监管者在一定程度上止步于雷区,因为确实担心不知有多少雷要炸响。诚然,不乏知名的三方财富是一直坚持规范经营的,然而行业的混乱现状也是令人担忧的。据笔者估计,大部分的“三方财富管理”平台都经不起监管核查,这是丝毫不夸张的说法。

即使监管者不再主动去查处这些显然存在问题的“理财平台”,在经济增长速度较以前放缓的新常态下,随着对金融行业监管的加强,资金面不再宽松,这些靠不断募资来支撑的问题平台依然是会陆续出事的。

从本质上看,不少“理财”平台其实就是实际控制人的融资平台,通过承诺吸引人的固定收益募集客户资金,然后把募到的资金投向各类的非标准化债权、项目、地产、举牌上市公司。因为募集资金的成本高,如果进行稳健的投资则获得的收益率无法覆盖成本,于是平台只能选择铤而走险,投资到高风险而流动性低的项目,随着时间的推移,高风险投资的出险率非常高,募集资金的本息兑付难实现。

更有甚者,一些平台本来就没打算实实在在做财富管理业务。只是不断承诺高收益募集资金,把募集来的资金的其中一部分用来对前面募集的少量资金进行还本付息,另一部分用于维持平台运营、还有一部分用于个人挥霍。早期崩盘的e租宝就是这类“庞氏骗局”的其中一个典型,他们号称是提供“类似余额宝的理财产品,收益比余额宝高很多,而且采用的是更安全的A2P模式,以融资租赁债权转让的方式为客户带来收益”。根据广告宣称,安全性毋庸置疑,而收益方面,年化利率9%~14.6%不等。哪么问题就来了,融资租赁资产一般的资金成本在7%左右,如何变出9%~14.6%给投资者?最后就发现这些融资租赁的债权基本为虚假标的。

作为投资者,如何才能避免趟进这些理财的“雷区”?那就要坚守以下这些自己不一定愿意接受的但却是实实在在的常识即可:

1,高的固定收益(目前在10%或以上)一定意味着伴随着高风险。

试想一下,GDP的年增长率是不到7%,作为各行业精英的A股上市公司平均资产收益率只有5%左右。能获得10%以上回报率的投资机会真是不多的,低风险更是不可能的。

2,作为普通投资人,太好的东西是轮不到自己的。凭啥能取得比他人高的收益而不用承担风险?一旦得到仿佛是天上掉下来馅饼般的好东西,就要琢磨一下,为何偏偏这么好的东西让自己得到了?这真不是圈套吗?

3,牢记“人类世界上从来就没有无缘无故的爱”的古训。主动找您推荐“必涨股票”、承诺“高回报”、传授投资“致富秘籍”、推销“最佳产品”的形形色色的人等,他们一定不是要往您的口袋里塞钱的活雷锋,他们的目的只有一个,把您辛勤劳动而积累的财富的一部分放到他们的口袋中,仅此而已。

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