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期债持续走低 波段操作为宜

2017-08-08 10:46:51   中国经济网

自6月下旬以来,国债期货市场表现持续疲弱,现券收益率也持续回升。虽然十年期国债收益率在7月大部分时间都在3.6%附近振荡,但是7月25日国债收益率突破3.6%区间上沿,截至目前已经突破3.65%,有再次触摸5月3.7%高点之势。结合近期基本面及价格的一些表现,我们进一步梳理近期期债市场的影响因素。

货币政策有的放矢,债券供需略显宽松

今年央行货币政策维持稳健,根据市场流动性进行“削峰填谷”的调控方式继续发挥作用。从近期央行由零回笼零投放的完全对冲到本周的小幅净回笼,对应货币资金利率先升后降的走势,我们依然可以看到货币政策工具应用中的灵活性和有效性。从目前货币政策的环境来讲,随着7月资金压力顺利过渡,8月市场资金压力短期将再度缓解,国债收益率或有见顶回落的可能。

不过,目前国债发行供给的增加或将成为债券收益率短期下行的掣肘。截至昨日,8月已经发行的国债金额规模达到2024亿元,上月为3145亿元,去年同期为3823亿元。

如果按照国债市场发行的季节性规律来看,每年的二三季度为年度供给的高峰期,8月往往伴随着更大规模的投放压力,去年8月的发行规模就是全年最高。今年8月刚刚过去一周,发行规模已经达到去年同期的五成以上、上月的六成以上。8月剩下的三周时间里,发行规模总量或将走出新高。目前本周公布的发行计划已有1200亿元,8月11日之前已经总计3224亿元。因此,在大规模的发行压力之下,即便近期有中标倍数高企的支撑,收益率若冲高回落,其下行幅度也将受到限制。

找准期现之间的均衡点

除了基本面的逻辑梳理之外,今年国债期货市场的表现有一个很明显的特征:现券市场的利差和价差节奏,与期货市场价格、价差的节奏表现并不同步。今年资金在国债期货市场的策略选择上更加多元和灵活,期货价格或者价差最终反映的都不是收益率或者利差关系,而是通过投资者对预期的管理。

今年五年期国债期货市场持仓规模,从3月中旬的持续上涨,再到7月底之后的冲高回落,背后反映的重要逻辑为TF期现从反向套利到正向套利的转变,TF—T价差从缩小到扩大或者收益率曲线从平坦化到陡峭化的预期转变。

因此,对于国债期货市场的观察更应该以货币政策为锚,以IRR、曲线、基差等各类指标为信号的综合评判。基于当前五年期和十年期国债期货在基差、价差、IRR等指标上的分化,建议投资者重点关注主力合约换月阶段的跨期价差机会。曲线陡峭不断扩大和TF—T价差不断缩小之间的分歧也引发我们对于IRR与利差之间博弈的权衡。建议在TF合约正套空间显现时,可以继续关注跨品种价差的缩小可能。

虽然国债收益率在8月依然存在冲高回落可能,但下行空间有限。从国债期货交易而言,建议趋势上谨慎,策略上多元化,关注套利可能。

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