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大行个人存款双降 余额宝倒逼银行提价揽储

2017-07-28 13:59:11   中国经济网

虽然银行刚进入中报披露期,但央行公布的银行信贷收支表,已能看出不少端倪,比如个人活期存款真的在减少。

6月末,趴在银行账上的个人活期存款总额为22.8万亿,已较1月末下降约6400亿元。与此同时,余额宝在急剧扩张,实际上倒逼着银行提高储蓄成本。

按照央行数据,6月末数据与1月末相比(下同),我国中小行的个人活期存款总额没有下降,由6.69万亿微增至6.81万亿,增加约1200亿。但这个数据意义不是太大,并不能证明中小行揽储容易,因为活期存款绝对额的增加是一直以来的常态,另外,这个增幅较前几年的同期数据已经大幅收窄。

最重要的是,掌握着我国居民绝大部分存款的,是国有大行(五大行加邮储)。央行数据显示,大行的个人活期储蓄存款从1月末的16.75万亿下降至6月末的15.99万亿元,减少了约7600亿。是的,不是增速放缓,而是直接减少。

因为大行的零售盘子大、活期存款的基数大,所以大行的降幅与中小行微弱的增幅一对冲,我国银行1月末至6月末的个人活期存款,还是减少了6400多亿元。

此外,记者汇总大行和中小行个人活期存款科目数据发现,1月末至6月末,我国个人活期存款在个人总存款的占比,已经从16.77%降至15.74%。

另外,个人定期存款的形势也不算太好。与此同时,掌握绝对份额的大行,其个人定期存款也从13.67万亿微降至13.55万亿,降幅为1200亿。

简而言之,1月末至6月末,个人定期存款和活期存款,不小心都降了。

与银行个人活期存款规模下降、定期存款增速放缓形成鲜明对比的,是以余额宝为代表的货币基金的急速扩张。

惠誉评级发布的一份报告称,截至今年一季度末,我国货币基金管理资产总额达到4.5万亿,而前三大巨头占比约1/3。

余额宝无疑是其中翘楚,管理规模在6月末达到了1.43万亿,而在3月末,余额宝的规模是1.14万亿。也就是说,今年二季度,余额宝就增长了近3000亿。这得益于余额宝的母体优势,惠誉的报告称,截至2016年末余额宝已有3.25亿个账户,全部与支付宝平台关联。

虽然目前余额宝规模离四大行个人活期存款余额13.13万亿还差得很远,但已经将一众股份行甩在脑后。

值得注意的是,余额宝高达85%左右的资产占比投向银行大额协议存款等,一名大行的资产托管部人士告诉记者,“余额宝的议价能力还‘比较强’,银行给的收益实际上都会上浮”,余额宝在分流银行活期存款的同时,还在倒逼银行提升负债端成本。

所以,银行息差进一步收窄——在即将公布的银行半年报上有所体现,应该是大概率事件。

(以上消息摘自《证券时报》)

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