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山东诸城“以虫治虫” 经济、生态、社会效益显著

2017-07-13 18:22:48   

“你看,这些飞来飞去的都是烟蚜茧蜂,它们可是防蚜高手,有了它们的守护,烟田里烟蚜发生率很低,我们省心省事多了。”日前,在山东省诸城市贾悦镇琅埠村的烟田里,烟叶农场经理李言忠正在仔细观察烟蚜发生情况,望着长势良好的烟苗,对烟蚜茧蜂生物防治技术赞不绝口。

烟蚜是影响烟叶生产质量的主要害虫之一,烟蚜茧蜂则是烟蚜的主要天敌之一。“以虫治虫”的生物防治技术因其成本低、作用大、效果好等特点,近年来在诸城烟区已得到了广泛应用,成为烟叶病虫害绿色防控的关键技术措施之一。

“烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的自然控制能力相当强,这与其繁殖速度快有密切关系。”诸城实验站烟蚜茧蜂繁育基地工作人员王大海介绍,一头雌蜂每次可连续寄生2—3头蚜虫,一生可寄生蚜虫200头左右,每6—8天便可更换一代茧蜂,据测算,烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的防治效果最高可达90%以上。

其实,在诸城烟区,烟蚜茧蜂的繁育与应用早已实现标准化、规模化、专业化,成为烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术广泛应用的有力保障。

在贾悦镇洛庄村南边,两座占地4000平方米的现代化温室大棚很吸引人的眼球,里面建有不同规格的独立小棚100余间,其中有田间繁蜂小棚、保蜂室和保蚜室。“这里就是烟蚜茧蜂繁育的‘大本营’,每年繁育的烟蚜茧蜂能满足20万亩烟田的防蚜需要。”负责烟蚜茧蜂繁育工作的诸城实验站站长管恩森介绍道。

“烟蚜茧蜂生物防治措施涉及面较广,技术较复杂,所以各项工作要到位,保证各环节衔接恰当,否则会直接影响防蚜效果。”管恩森说,在田间释放烟蚜茧蜂前,首先繁蜂人员要做好实地监测,准确掌握放蜂区域烟蚜发生趋势,并适时做好烟蚜茧蜂或僵蚜的收集与保存工作;其次,对技术人员及专业队队员进行技术培训,准备好专用运输工具,同时做好宣传工作,确保烟农在释放烟蚜茧蜂前后2—3天内不施用化学农药,以免影响烟蚜茧蜂的田间防治效果。

“在放蜂后,还要组织技术人员跟进田间调查,记录防治效果,积累生物防治经验”。据管恩森介绍,“从诸城市这几年的推广应用效果看,利用烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜确实是一种绿色、高效的病虫害生物防治技术,既大大减少了农药使用,又提升了烟叶品质、保护了生态环境,产生的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益十分显著。”(本报记者 魏 东 通讯员 徐春光 王 源)

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