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城市噪音污染严重成健康杀手 噪声投诉占比上升

2017-07-12 09:43:24   工人日报

原标题:城市噪音污染严重成健康杀手 噪声投诉占比上升

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最新发布的《中国环境噪声污染防治报告2015年》显示,2014年全国环境噪声投诉占环境投诉总数的比例为56.4%,相比2013年上升了16.6个百分点。

这个由环保部发布的报告说,总体上看,近年来,我国城市区域声环境质量(昼间)有所下降。报告披露,2014年,全国城市区域声环境质量主要处于二级和三级,城市道路交通声环境质量主要处于一级和二级,4类功能区夜间噪声污染仍较为严重。

噪声是发声体做无规则时发出的声音。声音由物体振动引起,以波的形式在一定的介质(如固体、液体、气体)中进行传播,而通常所说的噪声污染,是指人为造成的噪声。

从生理学观点和环境保护的角度看,凡是影响人们正常学习、工作和休息,以及人们在某些场合“不需要的声音”,都统称为噪声。如机器的轰鸣声,各种交通工具的马达声、鸣笛声,人的嘈杂声及各种突发的声响等。

噪声污染已成健康杀手

随着工业生产、交通运输、城市建设的发展,以及人口密度的增加,尤其是城市化进程的推进,道路建设速度的加快,机动车保有量的持续增加,环境噪声污染防治压力继续加大,环境噪声日益严重,已成为污染环境的一大公害。

噪声污染对人、动物、仪器仪表以及建筑物均构成危害,其危害程度主要取决于噪声的频率、强度及暴露时间。研究发现,噪声超过85分贝,会使人感觉到吵闹,感到心烦意乱,进而无法专心地工作,结果会导致工作效率降低。

噪声是一种恶性刺激物,长期作用于人的中枢神经系统,可使大脑皮质的兴奋和抑制失调,条件反射异常,出现头晕、头痛、耳鸣、多梦、失眠、心慌、记忆力减退、注意力不集中等症状,严重者可产生精神错乱。这种症状,药物治疗的疗效很差,但当脱离噪声环境时,症状就会明显好转。噪声还可以引起如神经系统功能紊乱、精神障碍、内分泌紊乱,甚至事故率升高。

高噪声的工作环境,使人出现头晕、头痛、失眠、多梦、全身乏力、记忆力减退,以及恐惧、易怒、自卑甚至精神错乱。在日本,曾有过因为受不了火车噪声的刺激而精神错乱最后自杀的例子。国际著名影星马兰·白龙度在电影《巴黎最后的探戈》中,出演的就是一位受到从城市半空疾驰而过的有轨电车发出的巨大噪音刺激,而加重病态心理的角色。

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