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快递业爆发式增长模式需转变 恶性竞争导致粗放

2017-07-10 15:33:59   

2017年,快递业新闻不断——2月顺丰上市,6月初顺丰与菜鸟因数据互通问题产生争端。而在热闹的背后,是中国快递业的快速增长。国家邮政局最新发布的《2016年度快递市场监管报告》显示,2016年我国快递业务量达到312.8亿件,同比增长51.4%。但热中遇冷,今年1月至5月的最新数据表明,我国快递行业需求开始进入降速期。

我国快递业正迎来转型升级的关键期,机遇与挑战并存。爆发式增长模式如何转型?快递服务如何精细化?“最后一公里”难题怎样破解?

行业降速,结构性矛盾凸显

近年来,在电商快速发展的助推下,快递业实现连年高速增长。《2016年度快递市场监管报告》显示,我国快递业务量峰值出现在2016年11月,达37.6亿件,最高日业务量出现在2016年“双11”,超2.5亿件。但伴随着微商、移动端电商高速增长并逐渐饱和,今年1月至5月我国快递企业业务量累计完成139.1亿件,同比增长30.3%,增速大幅低于去年同期的56.7%,快递行业需求增长进入降速期。

“我国网络零售销售额增速已经从2012年—2014年年均50%左右,下滑到2016年的26%。目前,电商包裹量占整个快递业务量的比重超过70%,电商增速趋缓是快递业务量增速趋缓的主要因素。”快递研究专家王品辉表示,北京、上海、深圳、广州等快递集中使用的城市,目前已步入快递业务成熟期,也是行业增速下降的一个原因。

一方面,快递业务收入占邮政业比重稳步上升;另一方面,快递平均单价持续下降,价格战持续。“行业发展降速,使快递行业结构性矛盾凸显。”王品辉认为,尽管快递员工资、面单原料的纸浆价格、中转场地的租金等一系列刚性涨价导致了整个快递行业成本上涨,但快递企业依旧“痴迷”价格战模式。

“粗放”背后,恶性竞争是主因

2013年“双十一”期间,北京韵达快递某网点老板突然失踪;2017年1月,杭州中通快递某网点老板跑路,快件堆积成山;同年6月,上海天天快递老板欠薪跑路导致网点爆仓……除了网点老板跑路,快件丢失也成为令人头痛的问题。

低价竞争、增量不增收,被认为是快递加盟制的“老毛病”。一位经营快递网点十年的加盟商说,现在收一个件,网点只能赚几毛钱。一些网点因此出现亏损,经营不下去。2016年全国快件单价为12.8元,分别较2014年、2015年下降1.9元和0.6元。

“快递行业面临的微利化严重,同质化竞争是一大因素。”快递物流咨询网首席顾问徐勇认为,快递企业之间的竞争加剧了价格战。如何破局微利化,以质取胜成为当前快递企业的一大课题。

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