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去年全国人均快递费287元 今年快递行业需求进入降速期

2017-07-04 09:52:08   经济参考报

原标题:今年快递行业需求进入降速

国家邮政总局近日发布了《2016年度快递市场监管报告》。报告显示,去年我国快递业务量达到312.8亿件,同比增长51.4%,年人均快递使用量接近23件,比上年增加近8件,年人均快递费支出287.4元,同比增长42.7%。不过,今年1月至5月的数据表明,我国快递行业需求开始进入降速期。

报告显示,快递行业季节性特征稳定。我国快递业务量峰值出现在去年的11月,达37.6亿件,占全年总业务量的12%。受春节期间“马鞍效应”影响,业务量谷值出现在今年2月,仅12.5亿件,占4%。去年我国日均快递业务量达0.9亿件,最高日业务量出现在“双11”期间,超2.5亿件,最高日业务量与日均业务量之差持续扩大,去年达到2.8倍,快递业应对旺季能力加强。

一方面,快递业务收入占邮政业比重稳步上升,另一方面,快递平均单价持续下降,价格战持续。数据显示,去年我国快递业务收入3974.4亿元,同比增长43.5%。快递业务收入占邮政业务收入比重为73.9%,同比提高5.3个百分点。不过,去年快递平均单价为12.7元,5年来延续着持续性下滑,较2012年的平均单价18.6元,下滑明显。

不过,今年1月至5月,我国快递服务企业业务量累计完成139.1亿件,同比增长30.3%,增速大幅低于去年同期的56.7%。数据直接表明,我国快递行业需求开始进入降速期。

兴业证券分析师王品辉表示,今年从各省份业务量来看,除了内蒙古、青海以外,基本所有省份业务量增速都低于2015、2016年同期增速,这说明行业降速是全国性事件。此外,去年我国人均快递业务量23件,虽然与美国、日本的32件、30件有相当的差距,但我国一线城市人均快递业务量早已是美国、日本的多倍,北京为93件、上海108件、深圳186件、广州205件,表明在业务集中的地区,快递业已经进入成熟稳定期。

专家认为,目前电商包裹量占整个快递业务量的比重超过70%,电商增速下滑是影响快递业务量增速下滑的主要因素。商务部的数据显示,我国网络零售销售额增速已经从2012-2014年年均50%左右的增速,下滑到去年的26%。

行业发展降速,结构性矛盾凸显。王品辉认为,尽管行业成本出现持续刚性上涨,但企业间的价格战仍是主流。从成本端来看,快递员工资、面单原料的纸浆价格、中转场地的租金等一系列刚性涨价导致了整个快递行业成本上涨,但由于“通达系”客户仍以电商为主,其中阿里平台包裹量又占了70%,因此产品很难做出差异化,未来仍是以价格竞争为主,尽管不少企业尝试开拓电商快递以外的市场,如国际、冷链、重货、城市快速配送等,但这些业务的市场规模很难有所体现。

去年,申通、圆通、顺丰、韵达相继实现借壳在A股上市,中通登陆美国纳斯达克市场,百世、德邦、全峰等快递企业纷纷启动上市计划,资本市场掀起了一阵快递旋风,快递企业竞相上市,标志着我国快递市场进入资本时代。

在今年一季度行业降速背景下,各家快递上市企业出现了明显分化。顺丰依然占据着龙头优势,收入端保持了26%的高增速;韵达作为加盟制快递中表现最好的企业,实现了收入43%和净利润35%的高增长;申通在13%的收入增速下实现了33%的净利润增速;圆通在收入端、净利润端仅实现个位数增长。

快递物流咨询网首席顾问徐勇表示,尽管上市了,但我国快递业整体上同质低效的发展模式仍未实质性改善,产品服务单一、高度依赖电商包裹,而菜鸟网络的存在又造成了快递企业很难获取超额利润,行业稳发展、提质增效任务艰巨,未来多元、规范、精细化是转型方向。

(责编:孙博洋、夏晓伦)

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