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北京新机场航站楼钢结构受力设计世界独创

2017-07-04 09:51:46   

6月30日,备受关注的北京新机场航站楼顺利实现封顶,一个展翅飞翔姿态的航站楼跃然呈现。

北京新航站楼的设计为一个不规则自由曲面空间,总投影面积达31.3万平方米,大约相当于44个标准足球场。钢结构总重量达5.2万多吨,结构复杂。

“这样的全新设计,对钢结构受力及施工均是全新的挑战,为世界首创。”北京新机场建设指挥部负责人说。

设计资料显示,航站楼钢网架结构分核心区、指廊两大部分,均由支撑系统和屋盖钢结构组成。其中航站楼核心区屋顶,整个结构是由6个本身较为完整稳定的受力体系连结而成。总用钢量约为4万多吨,最大高差约30米。

7月3日,在航站楼现场,科技日报记者注意到,核心区屋顶屋盖钢结构投影面积达18万平方米,但仅以8根C型柱为主要支撑,C型柱间距达200米。“整个核心区屋顶由63450根杆件和12300个球节点拼装而成。”担负施工的北京城建相关项目负责人李建华说。

而指廊钢网架为不规则自由曲面,采用桁架和网架混合结构,总投影面积约13.3万平方米;最大跨度41.6米,网架最大高差约5米。“钢结构杆件采用圆钢管截面和方钢管截面,节点为相贯节点或焊接球,连接复杂,5个指廊屋面钢网架一共由8472个焊接球、55267根杆件拼装而成。”负责施工的北京建工集团项目负责人白恒宏说。

北京新机场建设指挥部负责人说,为攻克钢网架施工的种种难题,建设方经过周密论证、精细模拟,按照“分区施工、分区卸载、总体合龙”原则进行,对不同分区、部位采用吊装、滑移、提升等多种方法,特别是采用了“计算机控制液压同步提升技术”。

何为“计算机控制液压同步提升技术”?“这个技术系统由钢绞线、提升油缸集群、液压泵站、传感检测、计算机控制和远程监视系统等组成,通过计算机控制的液压同步提升系统,平稳地把钢网架提升到指定位置,平均提升速度6—8米/小时,提升精度差控制在±1毫米以内。”北京新机场建设指挥部负责人说。

有关专家认为,以上数据均彰显了新机场航站楼钢结构施工难度的世界之最,创造了国内外机场建设的新高度。

为确保安全,施工单位建立了钢网架提升会签制度,责任到人。“对提升标准安装、垂偏情况以及钢绞线、液压系统、电控设备、控制系统、通讯系统、提升上下锚点工装质量、焊缝、强度、稳定性情况,现场供电、安全保卫等关键部位、工序、程序等进行全过程检查。”白恒宏说。

“仅5个指廊钢架施工就设置了220个监测点,对网架挠度、位移、空中姿态全程监控,确保了安装精度。”李建华说。

根据总体计划,新机场航站楼将于2017年底实现封顶封围;2018年底实现新机场主体工程完工,2019年建成通航。(本报记者 矫阳)

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