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谨防机器人产业低端同质

2017-06-28 18:05:25   

原标题:谨防机器人产业低端同质

虽然近年来机器人产业实现了高速增长,但这背后仍然存在着低端同质化加剧、产业链缺失、关键技术落后等一系列问题。作为行业内的企业,亟须静下心、腾出手来加快软硬件的研发,破解高端核心技术受制于人的尴尬——

国家统计局最新公布的数据显示,5月份中国工业机器人产量为10057台/套,同比实现了47%的高速增长,今年前5月,工业机器人产量增长50.4%。然而,在高速增长的背后,机器人产业低端同质化加剧值得警惕。

产业链缺失是当前机器人产业的痛中之痛。在机器人产业链上,国内还没有能够提供规模化且性能可靠的减速机等机器人核心部件企业,产品基本被国外公司垄断,国内机器人整机制造没有议价能力,导致国内机器人成本较高;中游方面,本体等核心技术也被外资品牌控制,大量企业集中在下游的系统集成上互相竞争。由于产业链不完整,导致国产机器人的装备应用主要集中在搬运、码垛、上下料等一般工业领域,以及扫地、擦窗、儿童玩具等一些简单生活应用领域,在高端市场上则被边缘化。统计数据显示,在多关节机器人市场上,国外公司占了90%的市场份额,在高难度的焊接领域,国外公司占了84%;较为高端的汽车制造行业,国外公司占了90%。国产机器人出货量大而利薄,外国机器人整机虽然数量不多但利润丰厚。

国内机器人产业低端同质化加剧的背后是急功近利的思维作祟。近年来,中国机器人产量一直保持着高速增长。去年9万台的销量已接近全球市场份额的1/3,并连续4年成为全球最大的工业机器人市场。有数据预测,到2018年,中国工业机器人市场规模将达到15万台。快速膨胀的市场让一大批风险投资基金跻身其中欲分得一杯羹,某些创业团队几十个人甚至几个人搭个草台班子便在风投支持下造起了机器人;有的地方政府在产业转型升级的压力下,跟风追逐机器人产业,通过大量的财税补贴和优惠条件吸引机器人企业落户,只求速度、规模,忽略了机器人产业自身发展规律,导致部分产业园区只能吸引零星企业,很难形成规模集聚,浪费了有限的财政资源。来自工信部的数据显示,目前中国生产机器人的企业超过了800多家,但大部分以组装和代加工为主,处于产业链的低端,产业集中度较低,总体规模较小。同时,各地还有超过40个以发展机器人为主的产业园区,低端过剩已现端倪。

机器人是高技术高集成高投资的工业产品,被誉为“制造业皇冠顶端的明珠”。但心急吃不了热豆腐,面对中上游产业链缺失的现状,亟须静下心、腾出手来加快上游部件的研发,破解高端核心技术受制于人的尴尬。从政策层面看,需要进一步整合产业的创新资源,推动建立机器人创新中心,重点支持关键零部件质量及可靠性能的提升,并开展机器人试点示范、推广应用和人才培育。同时,从加强规划引领、提高准入门槛、制定行业标准等方面着手防止无序扩张、规范行业发展。

在资金支持上,要改变当前对机器人产业的支持方式,当前各级政府对工业机器人的研发扶持多以财政拨款为主;对应用环节的扶持主要集中在购置价格补助和应用奖励,以及园区土地出让金优惠等。由于国外企业牢牢占据了产业链高端和高级机器人领域,导致大量财政资金实质上补贴了他们,让强者愈强,不利于国内机器人产业的培育。财政资金应将补助重点向研发阶段倾斜,重点攻克关键技术,给予企业所得税优惠减免、技术转让税收优惠、技术开发费加计扣除等政策,提高企业自主研发能力。

同时,企业也应树立错位竞争的理念,加强对机器人上游产业的投资,加快核心部件的研发,在机器人产业链条上形成自己的特色产品和核心竞争力。如此,才能有效破解机器人产业低端同质化格局,实现机器人产业的良性发展。

(责编:朱江、伍振国)

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