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下半年货币政策不松不紧相机而动

2017-06-27 17:45:08   经济参考报

原标题:下半年货币政策不松不紧相机而动

回顾上半年,央行“坚持积极稳妥去杠杆的总方针”,同时通过公开市场操作力度和节奏的灵活切换,来维护流动性稳定。展望下半年,业内人士表示,央行稳健中性的货币政策基调不会改变,而在维持资金面“紧平衡”的大方向下,相机抉择的政策操作灵活度将加强,在去杠杆与维护流动性基本稳定之间把握好平衡。

倒逼 政策助推金融“去杠杆”

2017年,央行货币政策基调仍是“稳健”,但其内涵较去年已经发生明显变化,去杠杆、挤泡沫、防风险已成为政策考量的重要因素。

业内人士表示,在去年以及之前比较长的时间内,由于整个金融市场资金面相对比较宽松,不少金融机构有期限错配、套利投资的动力和机会。实际上,很多机构能够通过一手拆借隔夜短期资金、一手投资期限较长资产的方式来获得稳定收益,而当整体银行间市场利率稳定在较低水平的时候,这种获利方式几乎没有风险。

而在今年上半年,央行通过多种手段来“倒逼”过度投机的金融机构降杠杆。一方面,公开市场操作逆回购利率、MLF(中期借贷便利)利率有所上行,释放了中性趋紧的信号。数据显示,今年上半年,货币市场利率中枢有明显上行。5月,同业拆借月加权平均利率为2.88%,较去年12月的2.44%上行44个基点。质押式回购月加权平均利率为2.92%,较去年12月的2.56%上行36个基点。另一方面,央行从2017年第一季度开始,在MPA评估时正式将表外理财纳入广义信贷指标范围,以更全面地反映银行体系信用扩张状况,这也是其落实防风险和去杠杆要求、促进银行体系稳健运行的重要举措。

与此同时,在今年4月,银监会也发布了多个重磅监管文件并启动现场检查,剑指金融机构的一些过度扩张和违规行为,金融机构的杠杆操作、同业扩张、监管套利等行为也由此受到约束。

从已经公布的数据来看,去杠杆已经显效。5月末M2同比增长9.6%,首次跌破10%,创下历史新低。央行有关负责人表示,“这主要是金融体系降低内部杠杆的反映。”该负责人表示,随着稳健中性货币政策的落实以及监管逐步加强,金融体系主动调整业务降低内部杠杆,表现在与同业、资管、表外以及影子银行活动高度关联的商业银行股权及其他投资等科目扩张放缓,由此派生的存款及M2增速也相应下降。5月商业银行股权及其他投资科目同比少增1.42万亿元,下拉M2增速约1个百分点。

货币持有主体的变化对此也有所印证:5月末金融体系持有的M2仅增长0.7%,比整体M2增速低8.9个百分点;与此同时,非金融部门持有的M2增长10.5%,比整体M2增速高0.9个百分点。“估计随着去杠杆的深化和金融进一步回归为实体经济服务,比过去低一些的M2增速可能成为新常态。”该负责人说。

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