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集装箱共享才能真正实现多式联运

2017-06-27 17:44:40   经济参考报

原标题:集装箱共享才能真正实现多式联运

目前,国家已将多式联运列为中国物流业降本增效的重中之重和物流中长期发展规划中的第一个重点工程。在2015年全国首次开展多式联运示范工程的基础上,2017年又开始了第二次多式联运示范工程的申报和评选,被选中的示范企业可以获得6000万元左右的政府补贴。

政策激励的力度不可谓不大,申报企业也开始跃跃欲试,希望能在多式联运示范工程中走出创新之路。在国家发改委、交通运输部和铁路总公司联合印发的《“十三五”铁路集装箱多式联运发展规划》中,更是将海铁和公铁集装箱多式联运作为多式联运的重点。

但是,在欧美通用且高效的多式联运模式到了中国却出现了“橘越淮而枳”的现象。无论是铁路、公路、水路和民航部门还是船公司与货代企业都发现,多式联运在设备装置、信息交流、组织架构和管理模式等多方面存在难以协调的冲突和难以逾越的制约。在欧美国家,多式联运的规模一般占货运总量的40%,而中国仅为2.9%。

多式联运追求的是不同运输方式间的无缝连接。究其根本,就是在衔接作业对应的运输/仓储SKU装载工具、装卸作业工具、信息共享平台与共享机制、合作或联盟组织运营、相关环节及装备的标准化以及“一关两检”覆盖的外部体系环境等方面进行有效对接。然而,作为不同运输方式间无缝连接的核心,集装箱、托盘等SKU装载工具却成为多式联运中发生各种矛盾和冲突的爆发点和主要载体。

尽管集装箱与托盘涉及的国际和国内标准繁多,但作为物流特别是运输中最基础的装载单元,在政府的推动下,各方都在尽力推动其标准的统一。然而,仅靠政府的政策之手还难以包打天下,即便是装载工具标准完全统一了,集装箱和托盘依旧难以循环共用,其主要原因在于,行业间、企业间存在利益冲突且装载工具的所有权与使用权过度重合。

这个时候,无形的市场之手就凸显出了力量。

托盘标准化及循环共用已经试点推广了三年,并在2016年获得了巨大进展,其中标准托盘市场占比增加了1.8%,标准托盘的租赁量也增加了30%。显然,标准托盘的循环共用取得了较大成果。

但集装箱的循环共用却相对滞后。与托盘相比,集装箱价格要贵得多,牵扯到各方的运行成本及局部利益也更大,博弈之下,循环共享的阻力也就大了很多,必须要将政策之手与市场之手紧握起来。

集装箱的跨行业通用及可循环使用已成为多式联运的当务之急。

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