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从“和谐号”到“复兴号” 中国高铁强在哪儿

2017-06-27 12:41:36   新华社

新华社北京6月26日电(全球热点)从“和谐号”到“复兴号” 中国高铁强在哪儿

新华社记者

26日,“复兴号”来了。随之而来的,是中国高铁正式迈进“中国标准动车组”新时代。

这一次,“复兴号”新标准到底“高”在哪儿?

【新闻事实】

6月26日,“复兴号”率先在京沪高铁两端的北京南站和上海虹桥站双向首发,分别担当G123次和G124次高速列车。

作为具有完全自主知识产权、达到世界先进水平的中国标准动车组,“复兴号”在京沪高铁时速可达400公里以上,研制过程中的254项标准,“中国标准”占84%。

截至2016年,中国高铁营运里程已达2.2万公里,位居世界第一。

  【深度分析】

中国高铁虽然是后来者,却已成为“后发先至”的样板。如今融入了中国科技含量的高铁,靠的不再只是速度和价格,质量和技术才是关键。

“复兴号”标准动车组基于中国自主研发的高速动车组设计制造平台,是具有完全知识产权的新一代高速列车。经过五年的研制开发,特别是首次实现了动车组牵引、制动、网络控制系统的全面自主化,标志着我国已全面掌握高速铁路核心技术,高铁动车组技术实现全面自主化。

再者,“复兴号”安装了智能化感知系统和强大的安全监测系统,安全性能超强。同时,因为是标准动车组,标准统一,未来可在各条高铁线路上使用。

英国广播公司(BBC)曾在一篇题为《中国新工业革命》的文章中将高铁建设看作是中国正在开展新工业革命的标志。文章说,中国特有的文化和中国人的勤劳创新使得中国高铁技术得以迅速应用,并引领世界。

 【第一评论】

在如何利用自我积蓄和引进外来技术上,中国高铁做了有效探求,并在消化外来技术后,进行了多方面创新和引进消化再创新。顺应时势,目光长远,是中国高铁发展模式的独到之处。

在“复兴号”中国标准动车组研制过程中,占比84%的“中国标准”构建出我国高铁的核心竞争力和话语权,“中国标准”体现的不再仅仅是中国制造,而是实现了从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的跨越。

逐步全面系统掌握高铁核心技术的同时,中国更是抱着“共济天下”的开放分享理念。随着“一带一路”建设的推进,中国高铁早已迈出“走出去”步伐,在土耳其承建安伊高铁、在印度尼西亚建设海外第一条中国标准的铁路雅万高铁,也在广袤的非洲大陆上架起了惠及千万家的蒙内铁路……让其他国家享受到中国科技进步的成果,也是中国制造承载的中国担当。

  【背景链接】

相对于中国,日本和欧洲的高铁如今什么样?

国际上有种说法,高铁“始于日本,发展于欧洲,格局大变于中国”。1964年10月1日,世界上第一条商业运营的高铁日本东海道新干线开通运营。至今,日本的新干线时速在240到320公里之间。

日本新干线的技术特点在于采用了动力分散运行方式,每节车厢的车轮都安装了驱动装置,而不是用火车头来牵引。这种运行方式让火车在加减速和大坡度线路上的行驶更加平稳,也降低了噪音和振动,提升了乘坐的舒适性。中国高铁也全面采用这种方式。

1981年9月27日,欧洲当时唯一一条高速铁路——巴黎到里昂间部分高铁线路开通投入运营,流线型列车TGV一时声名大振。截至2014年,法国高铁线路总长度为2037公里,最新的列车日常运行时速可达320公里。

德国高铁系统简称为ICE,即城际快车。1991年,德国首个ICE高铁列车在汉诺威到维尔茨堡的线路上运行。目前德国铁路公司使用的最快客运列车为第三代ICE,该车采用动力分布式设计,最高时速可达330公里。(参与记者:李宓、葛晨、徐晓蕾;编辑:魏建华)

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