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三座大山拖成僵尸企业 不让“死”只能勉强“活”

2017-06-24 08:52:21   工人日报

去年年底,企业靠银行“输血”的资金链断裂,虽然向总公司打了减产、停产、重组的三套方案报告,但一直没有收到批复。

张庆杰分析称,总公司也有难处,锅炉一停就要损失上百万元,如果行业状况好转了,再复产难度大。

许多员工说,“如果停产,生产设备还能值点钱,可要是破产,上千万元的资产可能最后就变成了废铜烂铁”。

企业向区政府提出破产的想法,遭到了强烈的反对。

“除了公司之外,业务相关下游企业、为我们供电、供气的企业都会受到影响,这些企业员工及家属全加起来大概在3万人左右,他们的生活没了着落,这可是大事,因为失业率和维稳都关系到地方政绩。”张庆杰说。

毕竟,“僵尸企业”尽管不产生效益,但仍可以为地方政府带来税收和GDP。公司生产一天就要缴一天的税,有消耗也就有GDP。

张庆杰告诉记者,企业所属的区内仅有不到5家国有企业,状况都不太好,有的靠着每年拨付的财政资金给职工发放救助款,补齐社保费用,有的则靠尚有生产经营能力的大型国企“养”着,“企业有利润时吃利润,无利润时吃资产”。

公司也不是没想过破产重整。2015年,一家经营状况良好的民营企业想收购张庆杰所在的公司,结果需要缴纳企业从1994年至今的所有土地费用,算下来,每亩要花30万元;而如果只拿土地,每亩只需要缴纳3万元左右。收购一事,最后不了了之。

破解:政府要解决与法院的分工问题

今年3月,张庆杰的企业聘请辽宁恒远律师事务所律师李才晨当法律顾问,咨询企业破产清算相关问题,希望通过破产重组让企业重获生命。

李才晨告诉记者,企业想破产,但法院不想接、政府伸手过长等原因都会对企业依法破产清算造成阻碍。

一位有着多年审理破产案件经验的法官私下里曾对张庆杰说,法院办理破产案件考虑的问题比较多,“土地、人员,甚至还有企业是否假破产的问题”。一般破产案件一办就会花好几年时间,而法院考核法官的一项重要指标就是办案率。

数据显示,全国法院破产案件年受案数2008年2009年为3000余件,2010年为2000余件,2011年至2013年均为2000件以下,2014年为2031件,2015年为3568件,2016年为3602件。相较每年被注销、吊销的七八十万户企业以及大量名存实亡的企业,通过破产程序退出市场的很少。

另一方面,国企破产面临的困难,往往比民营企业多。和民营企业不同,国企破产不是债权人和股东点头法院就能受理,还需要上级主管部门、地方政府的批复,还要有企业维稳的预案等。

“政府首先要解决好和法院的分工问题。” 李才晨认为,政府介入在个案中或许有一定合理性,但大范围采用,就可能会造成破产程序运转专业性不强。他建议,相关国资管理部门与地方政府应在金融机构、国有企业汇集一批专家型企业家,以开放的心态引进民企与战略投资企业家介入“僵尸企业”的拯救中。

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