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地方间壁垒突出 清洁能源“西电东送”一头热一头冷

2017-06-22 10:43:38   经济参考报

需求侧池子已满 供给侧闸门敞开

地方间壁垒突出 清洁能源“东送”受阻

2016年“弃水、弃风、弃光”已超同年三峡发电量

作为全国最大的清洁水电基地,四川省去年调峰“弃水”高达142亿千瓦时。这些电量如果投入使用,本可节省标准煤400多万吨,减少排放二氧化碳1100余万吨,并降低大量的二氧化硫和粉尘污染,但因为“有电没有路,有路没人要”,只能白白浪费掉。这只是当前我国电力行业所处困境的“冰山一角”。统计显示,2016年全国清洁能源“弃水”“弃风”“弃光”已超过同年三峡电站的发电量;同时,火电设备利用小时数也跌至1964年以来的历史新低。

随着经济发展方式的转变,电力供应正步入持续宽松的新阶段,一些地方间壁垒重重、各能源品种相互“踩踏”利用率降低等问题凸显。电力行业供给侧结构性改革亟须进一步发力。

水电基地深陷“弃水”之困

从“十二五”起四川的水电产能集中投产,增速远超本地用电需求的增长。在这种情况下,水电外送能力不足,加上中东部地区接纳外来水电意愿减弱,令四川的“弃水”矛盾日趋严峻,2012年起四川已连续五年“弃水”。

四川省甘孜藏族自治州雅江县,因雅砻江而得名。2014年10月,在雅江县城约40公里外,总投资达664亿元的两河口水电站正式开工,拉开了雅砻江中游开发的序幕。去年11月,两河口电站开始大坝心墙填筑,标志着电站全面进入主体施工阶段。

雅砻江是我国第三大水电基地,干流规划总装机容量约3000万千瓦、年发电量约1500亿千瓦时。目前,雅砻江下游河段的五级电站已全部投产,中游有两河口与杨房沟两座水电站在建,均预计于2021年实现首台机组投产发电。然而,与中游电站相匹配的外送通道仍未最终敲定,导致电网项目和电源建设出现脱节。

记者从国家电网四川省电力公司了解到,国网公司已为雅砻江中游水电项目规划了一条特高压直流输电线路(以下简称为“雅中直流”),拟直接送电至某中部省份。

然而,落点省份就“雅中直流”专门行文国家能源局,表示不愿意接纳。截至《经济参考报》记者发稿前,两省间的协调工作仍在进行。按照这类项目至少三年的建设周期来看,时间已相当紧迫。

“‘雅中直流’对缓解‘十三五’四川水电‘弃水’有着至关重要的意义。”国家电网四川省电力公司发展策划部副主任刘洋向记者分析,“十三五”内四川仅获批一条水电外送通道,即今年7月将投运的川渝电网第三通道,可新增最大200万千瓦的外送能力,但全省正在建设、计划“十三五”内投产的水电装机有近1300万千瓦。如果“雅中直流”不能顺利实施,未来几年水电外送缺口将进一步扩大,到2020年大约会有500亿千瓦时电量富余,既无法本地消纳也无法外送。

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