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调查报告显示:中国工人平均工资超越印度

2017-06-20 16:54:28   

长江日报融媒体6月20日讯(记者康鹏 通讯员 江华丽)今日,武汉大学质量发展战略研究院联合中国企业调查数据中心联合发布《中国企业-劳动力匹配调查报告》。

这一调查在广东和湖北企业中抽取了9000多个样本。数据显示,中国工人的实际工资(包括年终奖)为4216元/月(635美元),低于美国的3099美元/月,略高于巴西,但显著高于马来西亚(538美元)、泰国(438美元)、越南(206美元)、印度(136美元)等新兴市场国家。

“改革开放以来,中国制造业占世界的比重从不足2%,上升至20%以上,创造这一奇迹的重要原因,就是低成本优势。1978年,中国劳动力月工资仅为美国的3%,也显著低于泰国等亚洲邻国。到了2015年,中国劳动力月工资达到美国的20%,泰国的145%。”武汉大学质量院院长程虹表示。

数据显示,大学以上学历员工的平均实际工资为5276元/月,高中学历为4168元/月。“调查证明,大学生工资并没有如社会传言那样不如农民工,读书越多,收入越高。”程虹表示。男性职工(4680元/月)要比女性职工(3571元/月)高出31%。

值得注意的是,有25%的中国企业利润率超过7%,是中位数的2.8位。“依靠低劳动力成本的企业,利润越来越低,投入创新实施转型的企业,需求和利润越来越高。”程虹解释。

为应对劳动力成本上升,企业大力投入机器人和自动化设备,并提高研发投入和管理质量。全国有8%的企业使用了机器人,其中广东10%,湖北6%。机械设备制造、电子设备制造、金属制造等行业使用机器人的比例最高。

“在劳动力成本上升的挑战下,中国企业正在通过技术、管理的提高,提高全要素生产率,在全球价值链中地位正在提高,中国正在经历发展方式转型的关键节点。”程虹介绍。

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