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智能快递柜加大购物风险 消费者要有选择权

2017-06-20 09:38:22   法制日报

智能快递柜一方面方便了消费者,另一方面也加大了消费者的购物风险,对此有必要厘清法律关系、合理分担责任,保障消费者的合法权益不被侵犯

□ 许 辉

随着智能快递柜进入越来越多的社区,安全、便捷、高效是智能快递柜带给我们的改变。但对于智能快递柜,你可能还有很多疑问:收不到取件码,该如何打开柜子?寄存期间发生丢失、损毁,谁来担责?(6月19日中国新闻网)

“快递送上门,家里没有人”的现实难题,使得智能快递柜成为解决快递包裹“最后一百米”较为经济有效的方式。但是,这本是方便消费者也方便快递员的创新之举,在实际操作过程中,却让不少消费者在购物体验中如鲠在喉百般不爽,由此引发的相关法律问题应当引起重视。

在规范快递业的现有法律法规中,除了邮政法及其实施细则外,莫过于交通运输部颁布的快递市场管理办法了。该办法第十七条规定,经营快递业务的企业投递快件(邮件),应当告知收件人当面验收。这一规定在点对点配送模式下相对容易执行些,由此带来的相关法律责任也容易认定。但是在智能快递柜产生后,当面验收的环节没有了,消费者的合法权益如何保障?

正如前面所提到的,收不到取件码怎么打开柜子,包裹遗失损毁责任如何认定等,都是不容回避的问题。如果把这些责任都让消费者来承担的话明显不合理,在实际操作中,消费者也正处于这种不合理的地位。也就是说,智能快递柜一方面方便了消费者,另一方面也加大了消费者的购物风险,对此有必要厘清法律关系、合理分担责任,保障消费者的合法权益不被侵犯。

智能快递柜的使用是快递运输合同的一部分,也是消费者购物合同的一部分,属于民事法律调整的范畴,应当遵循民事法律的基本原则。这其中,自愿原则和公平原则应当得到充分体现。遵循自愿原则,就是把选择权交给消费者,既由消费者自主选择自己所购买的商品,也由消费者自主选择这种商品通过何种物流形式到达自己手中。当消费者认为商家所提供的物流将加大自己购物风险的时候,可以选择不购买此种商品,或者要求商家提供更为保险可靠的物流方式。这就要求商家通过店堂告示或在购物页面的显著位置标明物流配送形式以供消费者选择,让消费者对自己的购买风险在有足够认知的前提下合理规避。这一点,已经正式实施的智能快件箱投递服务管理规定(暂行)第七条作出了“应当征得收件人明示同意”的规定,而且进一步规定收件人没有明示同意的,“应当按照快递服务合同约定的名址提供投递服务”。

遵循公平原则,就是在智能快递柜使用过程中发生的包裹投递纠纷,应当依据公平原则合理确定法律责任。但如果消费者并没有选择智能快递柜配送模式,快递企业将之配送至智能快递柜后发生的一切不利后果,都不应当由消费者来承担,消费者有向快递企业索赔的权利,也有向商家索赔的权利,商家和快递企业不得相互推诿,快递企业或商家认为责任在对方时,也应当先行赔付消费者,然后再向对方主张权利。

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