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未来交通“黑科技”:万米悬索桥或改变世界格局

2017-06-15 14:25:11   

【科学向未来】

交通与城市生活中的每个人息息相关,交通拥堵不仅被称为城市“肠梗阻”,也让大家心情焦躁。人类能不能发展更快、更智能、更安全、更便捷的交通?在2017世界交通运输大会上,交通“黑科技”展现出了魅力,很多科幻电影里的场景或许很快就会出现在真实生活中。

VR和AR:现代交通设计的升级

VR(虚拟现实技术)和AR(虚拟增强技术)是从3D到4D的颠覆,它或许将引领现代交通设计的升级。同济大学已经用AR和VR技术完成无车校园设计。据设计团队成员、同济大学杜豫川介绍,同济大学于2016年年底开始了核心区域无车的校园交通设计,使用的主要技术就是AR和VR。用安装在手机上的摄像头拍摄校园街景,用装载有雷达的车辆“扫街”,这两种方式得到的画面呈点云形式,运用云端计算模式和分布式处理,建成了同济大学指定区域的虚拟面域模型。之后,再用AR呈现现实场景和人的交互参与,通过AR重现了校园交通标线、车道等,模拟了人车出行的各种状况,制作了若干个方案以供筛选,最终,中间走人、两边走自行车的方案胜出。

除了校园交通设计,AR和VR还可以重现更大的实景,比如正在规划设计中的成都天府国际机场。这一机场外部枢纽的车流动线设计,就是通过VR和AR把车流和人流都放进模型做重构和仿真,达到了很好的效果。VR和AR技术从整体构思到细枝末节都能兼顾。因此,在军事设计和道路设计领域,VR和AR技术作为辅助设计的强大工具正逐渐普及。

万米悬索桥:或将改变世界格局

苏通长江大桥。

桥梁跨径问题是工程界自我超越的指标体系之一。悬索桥作为最自然的桥型,一直在跨径上实现突破——1931年,美国华盛顿大桥跨径破千米;36年后,金门大桥跨过1280米;1998年,日本明石海峡大桥跨径1991米。我国的大跨径悬索桥也于20世纪初进入国际视野——2005年,主跨550米的卢浦大桥建成;2008年,主跨1088米的苏通长江大桥通车;2009年,舟山连岛工程西堠门大桥的主跨达到1650米……60年间,悬索桥的建造数量翻了3倍,而最大跨径定格在了仍在规划阶段的墨西拿海峡大桥——主跨3300米,连接起西西里岛和亚平宁半岛。

悬索桥跨径的极限是多少?著名桥梁专家、中国工程院外籍院士邓文中曾通过公式推导,论证了在保证设计荷载、通行安全的前提下,建设万米级悬索桥是可行的。

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