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2030年有望实现商业化开发 中国领跑可燃冰开采

2017-06-12 10:02:10   中国经济网

据了解,在试采前,中国地质调查局开展了10余个航次的环境基线调查,获取了海洋地质、海洋生物、海水化学等本底数据,以及海底地层力学参数等。在试采过程中,按照国际环境管理体系、工艺安全风险管理等标准,采取了严格的环境保护措施。

试采现场指挥部办公室副主任陆敬安说,试采过程中,通过大气、海水、海底和井下四位一体监测体系,对甲烷、二氧化碳等及海底沉降实行了实时监测。与本底数据对比显示,甲烷无异常变化,海底地形无变化,没有环境污染,未发生地质灾害。同时,我国第一台4500米作业级水下机器人“海马号”潜入海底,也没有发现海底地形变化和甲烷泄漏。

“蓝鲸一号”钻井平台长117米,宽度也有近百米。甲板很是开阔,试采现场指挥部办公室副主任谢文卫告诉记者,这个钻井平台配有双钻塔,可分别作业,井下环境监测仪,可实时监测数据,试采结束后,将一并取出。

陆敬安表示,试采结束后,还将继续进行全方位的立体环境监测,为制定天然气水合物开采的环境保护方案提供科学依据。

实现多项理论技术突破

在“蓝鲸一号”钻井平台外,一个熊熊火炬耀眼地燃烧着。为安全起见,巨大的水幕把火炬和平台隔开。这个火炬燃烧的,就是从水深1266米海底以下200多米开采出来的天然气。

广州海洋局总工程师杨胜雄说,这是全球首次实现泥质粉砂型可燃冰的安全可控开采。这种类型的可燃冰,资源量占全球90%以上,开发难度最大。

据介绍,此次试采中我国实现了六大技术体系二十项关键技术自主创新。第一,防砂技术3项。包括“地层流体抽取”、未成岩超细储层防砂和天然气水合物二次生成预防技术。第二,储层改造技术3项。包括储层快速精细评价、产能动态评价等技术。第三,钻井和完井技术3项。包括窄密度窗口平衡钻井、井口稳定性增强和井中测试系统集成技术。第四,勘查技术4项。包括4500米级无人遥控潜水器探测、保压取样、海洋高分辨率地震探测和海洋可控源电磁探测技术等。

目前,不少大国在可燃冰领域开展角逐。其中,美国5月12日宣布,正在墨西哥湾开展可燃冰开采研究。2013年,日本在南海海槽开展了海上试采,但因出砂等技术问题失败。2017年4月份日本在同一海域第二次试采,5月15日再次因出砂问题中止产气。

有关专家表示,可燃冰是未来全球能源发展的战略制高点,我们在全球率先试采成功,实现了在这一领域的领跑而不是跟随。

产业化仍有长路要走

可燃冰在全球主要分布在两类地区:一是水深300米至3000米的海底;二是陆上冻土区,尤其是南北极冻土区。有预测显示,全球天然气水合物资源量相当于21万亿吨油当量。

试采现场指挥部办公室主任邱海峻表示,我国海域天然气水合物资源量约800亿吨油当量。通过重点地区普查,已经圈定11个有利远景区,19个成矿区带。经过钻探验证圈定了两个千亿方级的矿藏。

有关专家表示,此次我国在全球范围内实现首次成功试开采,仅是万里长征迈出关键性一步,未来要实现产业化和商业化开采,仍有长路要走。

邱海峻表示,今后将围绕加快推进产业化进程的目标,争取神狐海域试采成果最大化。同时,继续加大天然气水合物资源调查力度,开展重点目标区的详查,提供2个至4个大型资源基地,为推进产业化奠定资源基础。此外,开展不同类型天然气水合物试采,把加强环境保护放在突出位置。

他表示,基于中国可燃冰调查研究和技术储备的现状,预计我国在2030年左右有望实现可燃冰的商业化开采。

(责编:贾兴鹏、杨曦)

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