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财金高官详解金融监管思路:货币政策“不松也不紧”

2017-06-05 17:53:48   经济参考报

货币政策“不松也不紧”;寻求防风险和创新平衡

财金高官详解金融监管思路

在供给侧结构性改革的关键时期,金融业的改革和发展成为市场关注的焦点之一。在6月3日至4日举办的“清华五道口全球金融论坛”上,与会的监管层人士接连发声,阐述对金融监管和改革的看法:在宏观上,“货币政策+宏观审慎政策”双支柱的金融调控框架可以为这个整体金融体系的稳定营造良好的环境;在微观上,金融监管也要更为协调统一,在防风险和创新之间寻求一个平衡点。

审慎 调控货币政策“既不松也不紧”

中国人民银行副行长陈雨露在论坛发言时表示,2017年,中国央行明确提出了建立“货币政策+宏观审慎政策”双支柱的金融调控新框架。前者主要针对总需求管理,旨在促进物价稳定和经济增长;后者针对金融体系本身,旨在维护金融稳定。

陈雨露重申了中国的货币政策取向。他表示,将实施好稳健中性的货币政策,调节好货币闸门,维护流动性的基本稳定,努力做到货币既不松也不紧,做好供给侧结构性改革当中的总需求管理,为结构性改革营造中性适度的货币金融环境。

中国人民银行货币政策司司长李波在发言时进一步解释了“不松也不紧”。他说,所谓“不紧”,是指货币政策要支持经济正常、合理的增长,要保持流动性的基本稳定,要维护金融体系的基本稳定,防止发生系统性的金融风险;所谓“不松”,是指货币政策不能太松,否则僵尸企业和过剩产能将很难被去掉。

实际上,货币政策的相关思路在日前发布的2017年一季度货币政策报告中已有所体现。该报告称,“灵活运用多种货币政策工具组合,合理安排相关工具搭配和操作节奏,维护流动性基本稳定,既为信贷合理增长提供必要的流动性支持,又防范信贷过快扩张和杠杆率进一步攀升,还要加强金融监管协调,有机衔接监管政策出台的时机和节奏,稳定市场预期,把握好去杠杆和维护流动性基本稳定的平衡,为稳增长、调结构、去杠杆、抑泡沫和防风险提供相对平稳的流动性环境。”

而针对宏观审慎政策,陈雨露也表示,宏观审慎管理强调从宏观的、逆周期的视角,尝试运用各种审慎工具防范金融体系的顺周期波动和跨部门传染所引发的系统性金融风险,着重金融风险的系统治理、综合治理和前端治理。他说,人民银行在探索建立适合中国国情的宏观审慎政策框架方面进行了积极探索。2009年开始系统研究宏观审慎的框架,2011年引入了差别准备金动态调整制度,2015年将其升级为宏观审慎评估体系MPA,从资本和杠杆、资产负债、流动性、定价行为、资产质量、跨境融资风险、信贷政策执行情况等七个方面,引导银行业金融机构加强自我约束和自律管理。2016年将表外理财正式纳入宏观审慎评估。同时,根据国际资本流动的新的特点,在2015年将外汇的流动性和跨境资金流动也纳入了宏观审慎管理范畴,进一步完善宏观审慎管理框架。

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