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王剑辉:“入指”实质利好有限 外资难成A股活水

2017-06-03 01:06:51   

作者 王剑辉(首创证券研发部总经理、中新经纬特约专家)

MSCI将于6月20日公布是否将A股纳入其国际指数。自2013年MSCI指数公司开始探讨将A股纳入“新兴市场股票指数”,国内投资者就开始憧憬“入指”及其潜在的引资效应。尽管连续三年遭受挫折,MSCI这个几年前还鲜为人知的概念仍然停留在人们的视野中。现下六月已至,流动性渐行渐紧,一些人盼望A股在数次“被拒”后终将“被纳”,市场或迎来可观的国际资金。不过,现实可能很骨感。

入指都看哪些标准?

从决策机制上看,是否“入指”更多取决于指数公司的客户意向,而客户目前对于A股似乎并未感到迫切的需求。将某个股票市场纳入或移出指数属于重大调整,通常由指数公司的研究部门或分支机构提出建议,在此基础上决策机构——“股指委员会”(EIC)正式发起“会商”(consultation),公开向欧美亚各地的资产所有者、顾问机构、主动型和被动型资产管理者以及证券经纪承销商征求意见,这些反馈被收集和分析之后形成了客户建议,EIC在综合考虑的前提下偏重于那些面临较多潜在影响的客户反馈,最终做出调整决定。

目前,在A股“入指”的问题上,拥有更多话语权的当属QFII和RQFII以及在其他市场上参与中国股票投资的机构。他们要么已经拥有投资A股的额度,要么可以通过沪港通、深港通投资A股,还可以借助H股、中资股ADR等工具进行替代性投资;这些渠道的潜力大多还有待挖掘,比如互联互通的框架内,沪股通和深股通过去6-12个月来的额度日均使用占比仅为2.9%和5.1%,超过94%-97%的额度闲置。此外,在现行机制下,外资机构对于新的调整是否能够带来更多收益可能持怀疑态度。自2005年至今,上证综指累计上涨146%,而MSCI中国A+B+H指数累计上涨了218%,在一多半的时间内前者的表现落后80个百分点以上。投资者会将这种差异归咎于国内市场制度,因此会反复强调制度对于“入指”形成的阻碍。

历次审核都卡在哪里?

从历次会商的焦点来看,核心关切未有改变,新增问题不断出现,这种周而复始的纠结既表明外方还需要更多时间来理解中国国情,同时也凸显出国内制度建设的任重道远。2014年第一次评估之后,指数公司认为资本流动限制、投资配额体系和税收政策需要改善或澄清;尤其是QFII的资金回拨频率限制过严、机构投资额度与资产管理规模不匹配等问题迫切需要解决。2015年时,客户的反馈集中在资本流动限制、投资额度分配效率和投资账户实际所有权等方面;特别是单个投资工具的资金流入流出限制、锁定期、回拨额度限制,沪港通北向资金额度限制等问题。2016年的评估报告显示,20%的资金汇出额度限制依旧是“众矢之的”,而上市公司随意停牌造成市场信息失真和交易中断、以及新发金融产品必须得到交易所的事先审批等规定,又成为境外机构的主要抱怨对象。

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