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“看不见摸不着”和“看得见摸得着”——你我身边的服务贸易

2017-06-02 11:32:39   新华社

着迷于好莱坞电影,沉醉于欧美流行音乐,迄今已经去过13个国家旅行……刚刚从英国留学归国的浙江女孩小唐说,听起来“高大上”的服务贸易其实很“亲民”,它就在你我身边。

5月28日至6月1日,2017北京国际服务贸易交易会迎来了90多个国家和地区的客商。一时间,“服务贸易”成为街头巷尾的“热词”。

“服务贸易中既有老百姓看得见、摸得着的,也有看不见、摸不着的,但最终都是为百姓服务。”北京市服务业扩大开放综合试点领导小组办公室协调推进处处长赵珲说,我们身边就存在很多无形的服务贸易。例如,跨境电子商务就涉及很多服务业态。人们在网上买了东西,看不到换汇这个环节,但实际上享受了企业的相关服务。

世界贸易组织《服务贸易总协定》将服务贸易分为12个部门种类,150多个分类。如职业(包括专业与计算机)服务、通讯服务、建筑与工程服务、分销服务、教育服务、环境服务、金融(保险与银行)服务、医疗服务、旅游服务、娱乐文化和体育服务、运输服务以及其他服务、健康及社会服务。

服务贸易还分为四种形式:“跨境提供”,例如国际金融中的电子清算与支付、卫星影视服务等;“境外消费”,例如本国病人到外国就医、外国人到本国旅游等;“商业存在”,例如外国公司到中国投资等;“自然人流动”,例如劳务派遣等。

2015年5月,《国务院关于北京市服务业扩大开放综合试点总体方案的批复》对外发布,同意在北京市开展服务业扩大开放综合试点。北京成为中国首个、也是目前唯一一个服务业扩大开放综合改革试点城市。

“北京按照城市自身的发展,在扩大开放综合试点中确定了科学技术服务、互联网和信息服务、文化教育服务、金融服务、商务和旅游服务、健康医疗服务等六个重点领域。”赵珲说。

随着时代发展,服务贸易的内涵和外延始终处于不断发展变化中。北京市商务委信息宣传办主任刘琳说,传统的服务业可以上溯几千年,如餐饮、理发等。现代服务业包罗万象,除在传统服务业上的衍生之外,还在互联网等技术的发展下出现了更多新的形式和业态。

“阿里向全世界提供的云计算服务,IBM提供的智慧城市解决方案,花旗、汇丰等跨国银行的金融业务……当今世界涌现出很多高端服务贸易。”北京工业大学经济与管理学院教授杨松华表示,事实上,中国与世界各国对服务贸易的认识都是一个渐进的过程,服务贸易仍未形成完整的理论体系,未来服务贸易的概念仍会继续扩大。(参与采写:马岩盖博铭)

新华社北京6月1日电

(责编:庄红韬、赵爽)

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