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对“民办学校择校热”不能视而不见

2017-06-01 08:14:44   

眼下,又到了“幼升小”的关键时刻。据不少家长反映,今年一线城市的“幼升小”择校热有向民办小学倾斜的趋势,优质民办小学似乎成了“香饽饽”。曾经发生在公立小学身上的刷题、预录取、选生源等违规行为,也正在民办学校蔓延。舆论普遍质疑,该如何规范越来越火的民办学校?

从推进义务教育均衡来说,公办不择校、择校到民办是正确的战略。公办学校满足基本公共教育要求,实行就近免试入学,而民办学校满足差异化需求,允许学生跨区域择校。但在一些地区,优质资源在向民办小学、初中聚集,加之一些政府部门对民办学校的违规招生办学睁只眼闭只眼,导致当地治理择校热的努力被消解。要治理这一问题,必须切实推进义务教育均衡,同时加强监管,确保所有学校依法依规招生、办学。

在上海、浙江杭州和广东广州等地,多年来一直存在民办学校“择校热”。究其原因,虽然公办学校已都实行就近免试入学,但在公办学校之间,以及公办校和优质民办校之间,还存在明显的办学质量差距。在公办领域,家长只能通过购买学区房择校,在学区房政策越来越严的情况下,择校就只能去民办,而如果民办小学、初中相对公办学校办学质量更高,家长对这些民办学校就竞相追逐。上海等地的情况正好如此,有的民办小学只招100多人,却有5000名学生报考。

在发达国家,义务教育阶段也实行公办不择校、择校到民办的战略,但不存在那么“火爆”的民办择校热,原因就在于,公办学校之间,以及公办学校与民办学校之间不存在很大的办学质量差距。家长选择民办学校,更看中的是其办学特色,也即择校主要满足差异化选择,但目前的情况并非如此。总体来说,义务教育不均衡情况还比较严重,只有切实缩小办学质量差距,给学校办学自主权,才能有效减少家长择校的需求。

所谓民办学校“办学质量高”,其实也是家长所关注的升学角度下的“高”,即这些学校有更高的升学率。而获得这样的升学率,民办学校并非全靠优质师资的精心教学,还包括抢生源和应试训练等手段。在公办学校只能实行就近免试入学时,民办学校可以跨地区招生,在公办学校要执行减负规定时,民办学校却可以打各种擦边球,这相当于政府部门“扶持”出了升学率高的民办“优质”学校,自然牵动当地家长的神经。

有人建议民办学校也实行就近免试入学,或像公办学校一样实行电脑摇号,不能对学生进行测试。这其实很难行得通,因为民办学校有招生自主权,学校选择学生也是民办学校的权利。关键在于,政府部门要对民办学校违规招生、办学行为加以严格监管。近年来,各地政府教育部门都对规范民办学校招生提出了要求,包括不得提前招生、不得看奥赛成绩等,但面对一些明显的违规行为,一些地方教育部门却睁只眼,闭只眼,或者只抓一两个负面典型,这也是对违规招生、办学的纵容。

地方政府教育部门不能满足于公办学校就近免试入学,对民办学校择校热却视而不见,更不能被资本力量裹挟,纵容民办学校的违规办学及招生行为。缓解民办学校择校热,规范民办学校招生及办学,应成为下一步推进义务教育均衡、依法治教的重点。

(作者:熊丙奇 原标题:对“民办学校择校热”不能视而不见)

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