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评论:中国经济不会二次探底

2017-06-02 11:29:07   经济参考报

2016年,中国经济在持续六年下行之后触底企稳,2017年进入触底验证阶段。但经历了2017年一季度经济阶段性高点之后,四月份经济数据出现一定波动。中国经济会不会出现二次探底?

看懂中国经济本轮企稳和近期波动的关键在于,明确什么是中国经济下行的根本原因。与凯恩斯主义把经济衰退的原因归结于需求不足不同,新供给主义经济学认为,经济周期性衰退的原因在于供给结构老化。面对供给结构老化,过度依赖财政与货币政策进行经济刺激,虽然可以在短期内吸收部分过剩产能,使经济反弹,但中长期反而会造成过剩产能扩张,从而阻碍长期的经济结构升级。改变供给结构老化的最终办法是供给升级引领消费升级。

通过供给升级,新供给创造出新的需求,进而形成新的动能是中国经济本轮企稳的根本原因。2016年以来,服务业生产指数持续改善,高新技术产业投资快速增长,1至4月高技术产业投资增速高达22.6%。此外,知识软产业、信息软产业、文化软产业、金融软产业和其他服务业,也正处于起步阶段。一旦资本、资源、劳动力开始向新供给集中,老产业的产能过剩将自然消除,整个经济不但恢复均衡,而且将开始新的增长。

供给结构老化是中国经济持续六年下行的根本原因,同时存货调整周期、设备资产投资周期、金融伸缩周期等多周期叠加共同影响着中国经济从供给老化阶段向新供给形成和扩张阶段过渡的进程。

除了实体经济的周期影响外,中国金融资金的扩张与收缩也是经济周期的重要影响因素。在金融资金的扩张阶段,大量的资金会涌入投资、消费等领域,进而呈现“正资金效应”,而在金融收缩,比如去杠杆阶段,资金会从经济中抽离出来,呈现“负资金效应”。2017年,防控金融风险是维持经济平稳健康运行的战略性大事,货币政策从2016年的稳健调整为稳健中性,在保证金融安全的同时,也给资金层面带来了一定的压力。

由于本轮经济触底呈现多周期叠加特征,2017年一季度是存货周期、产能调整周期、固定资产投资周期的阶段性高点,因此短期会出现一定波动。但供给升级带来的新动能还在不断形成和扩张,比如高新技术产业占比不断提升,工业开始出现由老化供给向中高端转移等,因此,经济大概率不会出现二次探底。

当然,也要重视一些扰动因素和结构性转型的迫切性。从对经济的拉动作用看,新兴产业从体量上和传统制造业还存在一定的差距。特别是,经济长期增长依赖减税降费、简政放权、要素市场改革、制度创新等供给侧结构性改革的深入推进。如何放松行政管制、恢复民间投资的信心、建立完善的市场机制,以及发掘劳动、土地、资金、管理等方面的潜力,是重启中国经济增长新周期的关键。(刘哲)

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