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汽车共享迎“国家版”顶层设计 明确四大任务

2017-06-02 09:57:29   经济参考报

6月1日,交通运输部会同住房和城乡建设部制定的《关于促进汽车租赁业健康发展的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),向社会公开征求意见。该“国家版”顶层设计明确夯实安全管理基础、鼓励分时租赁发展、提升服务能力、营造良好发展环境等四大任务,回应诸多社会关切热点,比如实名制租车、私家车参与合规运营等。同时,实行总量调控,要求分城市研究投放机制,并鼓励探索城市内停车费优惠措施、开发相关保险产品、企业进行兼并重组等。

在业内人士看来,总体上《指导意见》对汽车共享持“鼓励、规范发展”的态度,但与共享单车不同,汽车共享市场难现爆发式增长,基本趋势是稳步向前发展,汽车制造商将迎来转型机会。但不容忽视的是,汽车共享要真正形成成熟的商业模式、实现盈利还有待时日。

北京街头的“共享汽车”。中新网记者 李金磊 摄

风口 市场规模年均20%增长

汽车共享,正在成为继共享单车之后又一大热点。“宝马、博罗雷、通用等国外巨头几年前就已推出了汽车共享服务,我国起步稍晚一些。与Uber、滴滴等网约车不同,分时租赁是B to C的模式,重要的比较对象是购买小汽车,在一定程度上可以削减前者的增量,在整个城市交通体系有特定的补充作用。”上海同济大学经济与管理学院教授、可持续发展与新型城镇化智库主任诸大建告诉《经济参考报》记者。

交通运输部统计数据显示,目前全国有6301家汽车租赁业户,租赁车辆总数约20万辆,市场规模以每年20%左右的速度增长。其中,分时租赁企业40余家,以整车厂为主导的占据了大部分,比如戴姆勒的Car2go、上汽控股的环球车享,首汽集团与奇瑞汽车合作的Gofun出行等,而从车辆总数来看,已经超过4万辆,95%以上为新能源车辆。

但值得注意的是,“总体而言,我国汽车租赁业仍处于起步阶段,还存在服务能力不足、法规政策建设滞后、企业经营风险较高、分时租赁新模式亟待引导等突出问题,与经济社会发展和社会公众多样化出行需求不相适应。”交通运输部运输服务司有关负责人称。

他进一步介绍说,一直以来国家层面缺乏汽车租赁业的专门法律法规,仅有北京、上海、重庆、山西等部分省市制定了汽车租赁地方性规章。行业法律法规和顶层设计的缺失,导致各地在市场准入、车辆性质、保险、报废年限、能否提供驾驶劳务等关键问题上要求不一,行业发展方向和思路不清晰。同时,由于租赁车辆价值较高,租赁期间企业对车辆控制存在一定难度,社会和行业信用体系尚不健全,车辆被盗、承租人恶意骗租等情况时有发生。另外,租赁期间车辆发生交通违法行为处治困难,大量租赁车辆因违章难以处理而无法通过年检,影响了企业的正常经营。而分时租赁作为“互联网+”在交通出行领域应用出现的新模式,正日益受到资本市场的关注,在促进市场快速发展的同时,也存在一定的盲目性。

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