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人民币汇率创半年来新高 新政抑制非理性贬值预期

2017-05-31 17:54:09   中国经济网

中国经济网北京5月31日讯 今日,在岸人民币兑美元开盘跳涨逾百点,早盘一度升破6.84元关口至6.8354,午后更是一度突破6.82关至6.8182,创逾半年来的新高。同时,离岸人民币兑美元突破6.77关口至6.7647,也刷新逾半年来的新高。

另外,今日人民币兑美元间价上调65个点至6.8633元,为近两周的最强水平,上日为6.8698元。申万宏源债券分析师孟祥娟、秦泰表示,近期人民币兑美元中间价持续走强,与央行调整报价机制,弱化前日收盘价的影响有关。

5月26日,中国外汇交易中心(CFETS)在答记者问中表示,中国考虑在人民币对美元汇率中间价报价模型中引入“逆周期调节因子”,主要目的是适度对冲市场情绪的顺周期波动,缓解外汇市场可能存在的“羊群效应”。

模型调整后,中间价将遵循“收盘汇率+一篮子货币汇率变化+逆周期调节因子”的形成机制,而“逆周期调节因子”将根据经济基本面变化动态调整。

中金公司首席经济学家梁红认为,此次调整后,中间价将更多地反映中国经济基本面的情况,汇率形成机制更加独立,相对淡化美元指数及其它一篮子货币在形成机制中的作用,降低汇率“惯性”超调的风险。

工银国际首席经济学家程实撰文指出,在人民币中间价形成机制中引入逆周期因子,有助实现平滑、有序的机制调整,避免对市场产生剧烈的制度冲击。

3月以来,美元指数从102.27高点持续走低,截至5月30日21:15,已回落至97.45,重新回到去年11月初水平。孟祥娟、秦泰表示,在美元指数上行乏力的背景下,人民币兑美元汇率存在双向波动的基础,但市场交易本身难以形成一致预期,需央行采取措施进行一定的引导。

而具体措施包括两方面,一是调整中间价形成机制,令中间价有所升值;二是在交易时段进行一定程度的入市交易,直接影响汇率收盘价。

从近日交易来看,5月15日以来中间价持续走强并超出对应时段美元走弱的程度,5月25-26日日间交易汇率也逆势大幅升值,摆脱此前9周的窄幅震荡区间,显示央行双管齐下引导人民币短期升值,预计人民币兑美元汇率将进入双向波动阶段。

事实上,自2015年“8·11”汇改以来,中间价形成机制的改进方向就是弱化收盘价对中间价的影响,这是因为在近两年的人民币贬值预期下,现有的中间价形成机制容易强化贬值预期(上一交易日人民币兑美元收盘价贬值的结果,容易导致下一日中间价的继续走贬),形成顺周期性,这容易放大单边的市场预期,增大汇率超调的风险。

今年以来,美元指数下跌幅度已近4%,但与此同时,人民币兑美元升值幅度却不足1%。也就是说,前期美元疲软时,人民币并没有相应的升值到位,由于市场普遍预计美联储年内还有两轮加息,下半年美元指数会触底回升,美元升值势头一起,很可能触发市场重新燃起一小波人民币贬值的交易惯性。

中信建投分析称,下半年美元指数可能重拾升势,这意味着人民币汇率重估的周期可能还尚未终结。因此,此时引入逆周期因子,也是为后续的汇率政策提前准备新工具,稳定人民币汇率。

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