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权威部门回应穆迪下调中国主权信用评级

2017-05-25 10:49:07   新华社

新华社北京5月24日电 题:中国经济基本面稳定向好——权威部门回应穆迪下调中国主权信用评级

新华社“新华视点”记者

国际信用评级机构穆迪24日将中国主权信用评级由Aa3下调为A1。按这家机构的说法,中国经济将持续放缓、政府债务将持续走高、实体经济债务规模将快速增长。

财政部等部门回应,穆迪下调我国主权信用评级,是基于“顺周期”评级的不恰当方法,穆迪对我国政府债务等方面的法律制度规定还缺乏必要了解。中国经济稳中向好的基本面没有改变,穆迪一方面高估了中国经济面临的困难,另一方面低估了中国政府深化供给侧结构性改革和适度扩大总需求的能力。

中国未来三年政府债务攀升至45%?财政部:不成立!

穆迪的报告认为,2018年中国政府直接债务将达到GDP的40%,2020年升至45%。

对此,财政部有关负责人回应,截至2016年末,我国地方政府债务余额15.32万亿元,地方政府债务率(债务余额/综合财力)为80.5%。加上纳入预算管理的中央国债余额12.01万亿元,两项合计后我国政府债务为27.33万亿。按照国家统计局公布的GDP初步核算74.41万亿元计算,2016年我国政府债务的负债率(债务余额/GDP)为36.7%,低于欧盟60%的警戒线,也低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控。

“今后,随着我国供给侧结构性改革的不断推进,政府举债受到严格控制,政府债务规模将保持合理增长。”该负责人说,“加上我国GDP有望继续保持中高速增长,也将为地方政府债务风险防控提供根本支撑,2018年至2020年我国政府债务风险指标与2016年相比不会发生大的变化。”

需要说明的是,《中华人民共和国预算法》规定,发行地方政府债券是地方政府举借债务的唯一合法形式,除此之外,地方政府及其下属部门不得以任何方式举借债务。因此,目前我国政府债务范围依法是指中央国债、地方政府债券以及清理甄别认定截至2014年末的非政府债券形式存量政府债务,除此以外,我国不存在其他任何政府直接债务。

实际上,财政部门一直致力于将政府债务风险“锁进笼子”。目前已经形成地方政府债务管理和监督的“闭环”制度体系,覆盖地方政府债务限额管理、预算管理、风险评估和预警、风险事件应急处置、债务违约分类处置、监督体系等各个环节,打造了风险管理的“全链条”。

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