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发改委:我国总杠杆率水平居中且趋于稳定

2017-05-25 09:58:03   经济参考报

原标题:发改委:我国总杠杆率水平居中且趋于稳定

发改委24日官网发文称,自2016年以来,我国迄今为止的降杠杆成效显现,中国债务风险总体可控。

发改委表示,发改委今年以来,根据国务院发布的《关于积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率的意见》(国发〔2016〕54号)及附件《关于市场化银行债权转股权的指导意见》,提出兼并重组、完善现代企业制度强化自我约束、盘活存量资产、优化债务结构、有序开展市场化银行债权转股权、依法破产、发展股权融资等七大措施,积极稳妥降低企业杠杆率。目前各项措施落实推进情况良好,进展顺利,并已取得初步成效,中国债务风险总体可控。

此前发改委曾有权威人士在去产能、去杠杆、降成本部级联席会议上表示,今年发改委去杠杆的任务主要是把降低企业杠杆率作为重中之重,促进企业盘活存量资产,推进资产证券化,支持市场化法治化债转股,发展多层次资本市场,加大股权融资力度,强化企业特别是国有企业财务杠杆约束,逐步将企业负债降到合理水平。

发改委认为,从现阶段去杠杆成效看,首先,我国总杠杆率水平居中且正趋于稳定。从绝对水平看,我国杠杆率水平并不高,仅位于主要经济体的中等水平。根据国际清算银行(BIS)最新数据,截至2016年三季度末,我国总体杠杆率为255.6%,而同期美国为255.7%,英国为283.1%,法国为299.9%,加拿大为301.1%;同为东亚国家的日本为372.5%;主要发达经济体平均为279.2%,都要高于中国的水平。从变化趋势看,中国总杠杆率上升速度明显放缓,正趋于稳定。

其次,我国企业杠杆率开始下降。根据国际清算银行(BIS)的最新数据,我国2016年三季度末非金融企业杠杆率为166.2%,较上季度末下降0.6个百分点,这是中国非金融企业杠杆率连续19个季度上升后的首次下降。2017年3月末,我国规模以上工业企业资产负债率同比下降0.7个百分点,企业微观层面的杠杆率也呈下降趋势。

发改委认为,我国企业债务风险总体安全可控。企业负债经营是市场经济的普遍现象。债务规模大小和杠杆率高低与一国经济结构、金融结构存在密切关系。从经济结构看,我国储蓄率比较高,达50%左右,显著高于国际平均水平。从金融结构看,我国是以银行信贷等间接融资为主的金融体系,这种金融体系中企业的负债水平相对较高。从国际经验看,由外债引发的危机要远多于内债。我国债务主要是内债,外债在总债务中的比重很低,并且我国杠杆率有高储蓄率作为支撑,这与低储蓄率条件下高杠杆风险有明显不同,引发系统性风险的可能性较低。并且随着供给侧结构性改革的推进,企业经营效益明显改善,我国债务偿还能力和抵御负面冲击的能力都进一步增强。因而我国债务风险总体可控。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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