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评论:规范共享单车应有时间表 考验政企联动能力

2017-05-23 12:22:13   法制日报

规范共享单车应有时间表

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22日,交通运输部对外发布《关于鼓励和规范互联网租赁自行车发展的指导意见(征求意见稿)》(简称《指导意见》),进行为期两周的公开征求意见。《指导意见》要求实行用户实名制注册、使用,禁止向未满12岁的儿童提供服务,为用户购买人身意外伤害险和第三者责任险等,并要求推广运用电子围栏等技术。

共享单车如今已成为弥补城市交通短板的重要交通工具。据不完全统计,目前全国共享单车运营企业有30多家,累计投放车辆超过1000万辆,注册用户超1亿人,累计服务超过10亿人次。尽管共享单车发展很快,但也乱象频出。为此,不少城市已出台地方版“指导意见”,这次全国性的《指导意见》来得也很及时。

不难发现,这个《指导意见》很有现实针对性。比如,要求实行用户实名制注册、使用,目的是为了规范用户行为和企业行为;禁止未满12岁儿童使用,是出于交通安全考虑;为用户购买相关保险,是为了保障用户和其他人员人身安全;要求推广运用电子围栏,是针对乱停乱放;鼓励免押金及加强用户资金安全监管,则是保障用户权益最大化……

除了规范企业和用户的行为外,《指导意见》还鼓励有关社会组织发挥积极作用,明确城市政府部门责任分工,充分体现了多方共治这一原则,符合共享经济的特点。对于已出台共享单车政策的城市来说,可以比照《指导意见》完善地方政策;对于还未出台地方政策的城市而言,《指导意见》具有很大参考价值,因为其吸收了很多经验和意见。

值得注意的是,虽然《指导意见》内容比较详细全面,但却忽视了一个重要问题,即作出了很多部署、提出了很多要求,却没有明确什么时候落实这些部署和要求。比如,“各城市要制定适合本地特点的自行车停放区设置技术导则”“对不适宜停放的区域和路段,可制定负面清单实行禁停管理”,那么什么时间内出台技术导则和负面清单就应当予以明确。

再如,《指导意见》提出“加强互联网租赁自行车标准化建设”。这显然很重要,但却没有明确各地何时完成标准化建设,理应明确相关企业标准、地方标准、国家标准的出台时间,给共享单车的发展提供标准支撑。又如,“明确各部门工作责任,建立联合工作机制”,也需要明确时间红线。虽然不是每项要求都适合设置时间表,但应尽可能明确重大事项的落实时间表。

假如没有大致时间表来督促有关各方,那么落实《指导意见》,规范共享单车发展的效率、效果就有可能打折扣。从过去很多改革发展的实践来看,提前明确时间表、路线图以及责任人是政策落实的重要保障。就《指导意见》而言,路线图基本上很清晰,有关各方知道怎么做,“责任人”也很明确,知道自己该做什么,但独缺落实责任的时间表。

网约车是通过“管理办法”来规范的,具有明显的制度强制性。而作为另一种共享经济的共享单车,以“指导意见”来规范其发展自有道理,优点是比较灵活,赋予各方更大空间,但缺点是缺少约束力。如果再增加一些时间约束、考核约束,适当提高一下政策约束力,对于促进共享单车早日规范化、健康化发展无疑具有积极意义。

考验政企联动能力

政府要为共享单车的运营创造条件,平台则要强化共享单车运营的安全保障义务。需要推动部门行政管理与平台运营管理的结合,让平台既是管理的对象,也是管理的延伸。共享单车实名制考验政企联动能力,城市应转变观念,推动服务与管理向平台延伸,把共享单车的运营真正规范起来。

湖北 木须虫  

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