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“蛟龙”号将下潜世界最深海沟 这些值得关注

2017-05-22 16:26:27   

原标题:新华社记者将随"蛟龙"号下潜世界最深海沟 这些值得关注

 第一潜4800米——“蛟龙”号马里亚纳海沟下潜5大关注

新华社“向阳红09”船5月22日电(记者刘诗平)搭载“蛟龙”号载人潜水器的“向阳红09”科学考察船22日上午抵达马里亚纳海沟作业区,“蛟龙”号预计将于23日在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟进行中国大洋38航次第三航段首潜,揭开今年“蛟龙”号在西太平洋海沟区10次大深度下潜的序幕。“蛟龙”号今年太平洋第一潜在哪儿下潜?下潜多深?带哪些作业工具?作业过程怎样?要完成哪些下潜任务?有着60多次深潜经历的“潜航英雄”唐嘉陵向记者做了讲解。

在哪儿下潜——马里亚纳海沟“挑战者深渊”北坡

本次下潜人员,主驾驶为潜航员唐嘉陵,左舷是第二代潜航员刘晓辉,右舷为新华社记者刘诗平。

本航段马里亚纳海沟作业区,位于马里亚纳海沟西南部的“挑战者深渊”,距关岛西南约200公里。首潜位置在“挑战者深渊”北坡。与海沟南侧相比,北侧相对较陡,平均坡度在10度至15度之间。

 下潜多深——4800米

本次下潜是5月16日从深圳起航、航行约1600海里抵达马里亚纳海沟作业区后进行的本航段第一潜。一般来说,刚到新的作业区,“蛟龙”号会首先进行一个工程潜次,确认潜水器工作状态,对所有功能参数进行全面测试,验证潜水器的机械手、高清摄像等作业工具的技术性能。

这次下潜,设计潜深为4800米,水下时间9小时左右。“蛟龙”号到达预定下潜深度后,将在海底航行两三公里。因为本次下潜是工程潜次,不以潜深为目的,同时填补了载人潜水器在马里亚纳海沟4000米级深度的作业空白。在随后进行的马里亚纳海沟4个应用潜次中,设计潜深一个是6300米,其他3个为6700米。

 带哪些作业工具——采样工具最多

“蛟龙”号除了搭载下潜人员近底观察之外,还可以在海底拍摄视频和照片。同时,它有两只灵活的机械手,因此作业工具多跟采样有关,所带工具为:1个多参数环境传感器、1个Gas-tight(保压)采水器、2个8升采水器、6个采集沉积物样品的Pushcore(插管)、1个生物样品框、2个地质样品筐和1个手持式网兜。

这些作业工具,基本上也是接下来这一作业区4个应用潜次所带的作业工具。本航段马里亚纳海沟作业区科研目标,是获得马里亚纳海沟“挑战者深渊”底层水体基本环境特征,揭示深渊水平环流结构及其时空变化和动力机制;掌握深渊沉积物、铁锰氧化物、岩石的矿物学与地球化学特征,阐明深渊底部物质来源与地质活动规律;明确深渊底部微生物与大生物群落结构的空间演替规律,揭示深渊底部生命演化与适应性机制。

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