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银行调整同业业务 监管定调稳妥“去杠杆”

2017-05-19 11:41:17   经济参考报

在逐渐趋严的监管环境下,银行也在主动调整其同业业务。根据主要上市银行的一季度资产负债表,多家银行的同业资产和同业负债呈现收缩迹象。

记者注意到,前一段时间,银监会已发布多个文件,力促过去几年中快速扩张的同业业务回归理性发展,与此同时,监管层也表示会稳妥推进监管行动。

业内专家分析称,监管层力促同业业务资金链缩短和控制同业业务规模十分必要,而控制好节奏也是十分重要的。

银行同业资产、负债有所调整

记者梳理了17家主要A股上市银行公布的2017年一季度末的资产负债表发现,多家银行的同业资产和同业负债呈现收缩迹象。

在资产端,同业资产包含存放同业款项、拆出资金和买入返售金融资产三项。数据显示,11家银行的存放同业业务出现不同程度的下滑。浦发银行的存放同业、拆出资金业务规模,相比去年均减少了30%以上,买入返售业务规模更是减少了87.04%。招商银行的存放同业、拆出资金以及买入返售业务都同比下降41.7%、12.06%、58.95%。中信银行的同业存款同比也收缩了51.83%,买入返售同比下降达82.88%。

在负债端,同业负债包含同业及其他金融机构存放款项、拆入资金以及卖出回购金融资产三项。数据显示,有13家银行的同业存放、卖出回购均呈收缩趋势。其中,招商银行同业存放同比下降36.19%,光大银行同比下降30.02%,农业银行同比收缩25.58%。

非理性扩张显风险 监管亮剑

恒丰银行研究院执行院长、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时表示,去年央行推出了宏观审慎评估体系,即MPA,而从今年第一季度起,央行开始按季度考核金融机构。由于MPA考核对银行的资产负债管理和流动性管理提出了更为严格的要求,受其影响,今年一季度一些银行开始主动调整同业资产和负债的结构。

而MPA考核对银行同业业务的影响或将持续下去。目前,同业存单尚未被纳入央行MPA考核广义信贷中的同业负债范畴,但业内人士分析称,未来该指标很有可能被纳入到该考核指标之内。

过去一两年,银行间市场资金成本一直持续偏低,银行同业业务主要采取加杠杆、期限错配和主动创造负债等方式进行套利,金融机构之间还形成了嵌套多层的同业套利链条。董希淼告诉记者,同业业务过快扩张的风险在于:一是其风险相对隐蔽,比如有些同业资金的投向比较模糊;二是传染性强,因为同业业务是银行对银行或银行对非银行金融机构的,一旦出现风险可能会对整个金融体系影响较大;三是近几年银行同业资金空转现象比较严重,也就是所谓的“脱实向虚”。

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