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同业存单存量规模仍在扩张 债券市场“命门”如何去杠杆?

2017-05-17 17:35:02   

中新经纬客户端5月17日电(罗琨)4月份同业存单发行量的骤降引起了市场注意。市场分析认为,对监管的担忧及三月份的放量发行是四月份骤降的主要原因,不过,也有机构人士指出,发行量的下滑不足以说明问题,同业存单存量规模仍处于扩张之中,去杠杆之路依旧漫长。

中国人民银行总部资料图。 中新社发 李慧思 摄

监管趋严 四月发行量骤降

自2016年起发行量呈现“疯狂”增长态势的同业存单似乎在4月份踩下刹车。据wind数据,4月同业存单发行量为12929.2亿元,较3月环比下滑7236.9亿元,环比下降幅度达35.9%。

华创证券债券分析师吉灵浩向中新经纬客户端(微信公众号:jwview)分析称,同业存单发行规模压缩一方面和监管有关系,从供给端来说,银行在资产端的压缩势必会导致负债端的压缩,利率的持续走高会给发行带来一定压力。如果资产端不能匹配那么高收益的资产,负债端肯定也不能发那么高的产品去维持。从需求端来说,监管的约束对同业存单投资比例和投资增速都做出了一定限制。

4月上旬,银监会下发《银行业金融机构“监管套利、空转套利、关联套利”专项治理工作要点》,要求检查同业存单空转,即是否通过大量发行同业存单,甚至通过自发自购、同业存单互换等方式来进行同业理财投资、委外投资、债市投资,导致期限错配,加剧流动性风险隐患;延长资金链条,使得资金空转套利,脱实向虚。吉灵浩认为,上述文件将投资同业存单定性为“空转套利”,这也对银行的同业存单投资行为产生了负面影响。此外,因为其他短期品种的利率也显著回升了,同业存单的优势在减弱,对同业存单也存在替代效应。

在国内某大型股份制商业银行同业部负责人看来,四月份同业存单发行量并不能称之为“萎缩”。上述负责人指出,三月份属于不太正常的大量发行,此前传言监管同业存单纳入同业负债,所以不少银行都有赶在监管落地前做大规模的冲动。当时价格也比较低,对基金公司和银行来说配置价值较高。“三月份发了特别多以后其实银行也不是特别缺钱了,也就没有动力继续维持这样大规模的发行了,所以也没有必要认为监管趋严在其中起了主要作用,主要还是银行缺不缺钱的问题。”

存量规模仍在扩张

wind数据显示,2017年以来同业存单余额一直处于增长态势。1月1日余额为62695.7亿元,3月1日余额为73544.3亿元,5月1日余额为79095.5亿元。

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