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多铁路项目向社会资本放开 城市群轨道交通系重点

2017-05-17 09:22:24   经济参考报

记者日前从多地获悉,地方上正在加速推进铁路投融资体制改革,今年将有多个具体项目首次向社会资本放开。

根据四川省公布的全面创新改革试验2017年工作计划,今年要推进的119项具体任务中就包括深化铁路投融资体制改革。具体措施包括设立四川省铁路建设发展基金,吸引社会资本进入铁路建设市场等。值得一提的是,绵阳经遂宁至内江铁路作为全省首个面向社会资本开放的铁路项目,今年将全面面向社会资本开放。

四川省吸引社会资本进入铁路项目的改革举措并非孤例。去年年底,我国首批铁路PPP示范项目之一的杭(州)绍(兴)台(州)铁路建设正式开工。该项目总投资约449亿元,由民营资本、中铁总公司、浙江省交投集团、沿线地方政府共同出资成立业主公司,值得一提的是,民营资本占股51%,成为绝对控股。项目建成后,杭州都市区与温台城市群的快速联络将得以实现。

而就在几天前,浙江省台州市发布了国内首个市域铁路PPP项目预中标公示:台州市域铁路S1线一期项目将采用BOT(建设—运营—移交)运作方式,合作期为30年,其中建设期4年,运营期26年,本项目资本金比例为总投资的40%,约为91.27亿元,其中,政府方出资20%,社会资本方出资80%。

专家表示,PPP模式给“铁老大”吸引民资提供了新的机会,但对于具有浓郁公共特征的铁路来说,如何实现公私合营,各地仍处在探索阶段。根据已在实际推进中的铁路PPP项目来看,当前我国铁路建设向社会资本开放的重点是城市群内的轨道交通。

北京交通大学教授赵坚在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时表示,社会资本进入铁路项目不仅是给铁路带来机会,还会给整个城市的发展带来机会。随着新型城镇化建设的推进,我国已经进入了区域协同发展全面提速的时代。而城市群的建设正是要靠通勤铁路和轨道交通来支撑。以成渝城市群为例,每个城市间至少要有两千公里的通勤铁路和城市轨道交通,才能支撑城市群的运行。而这恰好给社会资本进入提供了巨大的空间。

在赵坚看来,城市群中的铁路项目和房地产投资开发建设是相连的,日本东京有三千万人住在离铁路和车站1.5公里的半径范围以内,社会资本对这类铁路有投资动力。但是,目前由于铁路体制改革面临一些障碍,城市规划和土地管理等方面都需要进一步突破,因此铁路投融资体制改革还有很多探索要做。

中国工程院院士王梦恕表示,有些社会资本响应政策投资铁路,却发现“天花板”、“玻璃门”仍然存在,主要表现在融资难、入网难、征地拆迁难等。对于社会资本对投资铁路可能出现的畏难情绪,国家发改委投资研究所体制政策室主任吴亚平此前表示,地方政府在吸引社会资本投入时,可以探讨给予相应物业开发权,进行适当税收支持及财政补贴,以提高民间资本回报率。

此外,铁路项目具有投资大、回报周期长等特点,针对社会资本投资铁路面临的融资难题,业内人士建议出台具有可操作性的细则和配套政策,既然是政策鼓励的方向并且已经被列入示范项目,在银行融资时希望能简化程序,让社会资本投资建设的铁路项目与国家铁路项目享受同等待遇。

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