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“老干妈”核心信息遭泄露 盘点各国如何保护商业机密
据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,近日,贵阳市公安局南明分局向媒体通报,历经三个多月的侦查,警方一举将涉嫌泄露贵阳南明老干妈风味食品有限责任公司商业机密的贾某抓捕归案。该案涉案金额高达千万元人民币。
2016年5月,“老干妈”工作人员发现本地另一家食品加工企业生产的一款产品与老干妈品牌同款产品相似度极高,这引起了老干妈公司的警觉,并认为此现象很可能存在本公司重大商业机密的泄露问题。经过半年观察,当年11月8日老干妈公司到贵阳市公安局南明分局经侦大队报案,称疑似公司重大商业机密遭到窃取。警方视线最终锁定到老干妈公司离职人员贾某身上。
像“老干妈”公司这样的商业秘密被窃,在其他企业并不罕见。其后果可能将导致小企业客户瞬间流失,也可能给一家中型企业带来上千万元损失,甚至可能使一个正蒸蒸日上的优势企业从此走向衰落。可是,记者从工商部门了解到,很少接到企业会在被泄密后举报维护自己的权益。
对于商业秘密被窃,国外企业是如何维护自身权益的,惩处措施又有哪些?先看美国。华尔街多媒体记者王雨蒙介绍,1979年前美国各州主要通过普通法对商业秘密进行保护,侵犯商业秘密案件的被害人只能在各州提起诉讼。1979年美国统一州法委员会发布统一商业秘密法,试图统一各州关于保护商业秘密的规定。1996年美国总统签署了经济间谍法,第一次将侵犯商业秘密规定为联邦刑事犯罪,并将保护范围扩大到美国区域之外。2016年共和党与民主党共同提交了2016保护商业秘密的法案,以求弥补立法上的不足,加强对商业秘密的保护力度。
根据法案:一、赋予受害者诉讼法院的双重选择,若与产品或服务有关的商业秘密在州际或涉外商事中被使用或将被使用,商业秘密所有人可针对侵犯该商业秘密的行为提起民事诉讼;二、单方申请扣押财产。在满足特定条件时,联邦法院可基于当事人的单方申请发布扣押财产的命令,这也是本法案中较为存在且有争议的一个部分。依照法案,当事人只要能证明自己的商业秘密正在或将要被他人以不正当手段侵犯的情况下,法院就有权做出财产扣押决定;三、加大救济力度。法案还确立禁令救济制度,规定了损害赔偿的计算方式以及惩罚性赔偿,赔偿数量按照实际损失和损失的先后顺序确定。法案还规定了事外案件定期报告,司法部门应当针对美国境外侵害美国商业秘密的法案情况,经与知识产权执法部门等其他机构切磋后,定期向参、众两院提交报告,并向社会公布。
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