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解密“滴血测癌”:监测患癌风险 不能“包打天下”

2017-05-08 10:52:32   

清华大学生命科学学院罗永章团队研究人员在培养肿瘤细胞。 本报记者 杜 芳摄

作为留学回国人员,罗永章获得中组部等机构颁发的成就奖。 本报记者 杜 芳摄

清华大学生命科学学院罗永章教授。

▲ 抗肿瘤蛋白质药物国家工程实验室研发的热休克蛋白90α定量检测试剂盒已获得药监部门批准,正式用于临床。 本报记者 杜 芳摄

日前,一则“滴血测癌”的消息被传得沸沸扬扬。消息称,清华大学生命科学学院罗永章团队自主研发出了一种专门检测热休克蛋白90α的试剂盒。患者只需取一滴血,即可用于癌症病情监测和治疗效果评价。一时间引发诸多热捧和质疑。

“滴血测癌”的本来面目是什么?其在癌症监测中起到的作用究竟如何?这场“滴血”能否“测癌”的争论中是否存在误读?经济日报·中国经济网记者就此专访了罗永章团队。

  神奇蛋白化身全新肿瘤标志物

“滴血测癌”究竟是项什么样的成果?抗肿瘤蛋白质药物国家工程实验室副研究员付彦告诉记者,该项成果是以酶联免疫法检测人血浆中的热休克蛋白90α浓度。

热休克蛋白90α也叫Hsp90α,可别小看这个蛋白,它的存在意义非同一般。“其参与生物体系中很多重要的生物活动,对人体有着非常重要的作用。更神奇的是,这种蛋白质在癌细胞里的含量是其他蛋白质平均含量的7万倍,它的‘老祖宗’产生于35亿年前,历经这么多年,这种蛋白质竟然没有减少或消失,反而含量增加,说明它是癌细胞所需要的。”清华大学生命科学学院教授罗永章说。

在肿瘤细胞中,热休克蛋白90α就像“伴侣”一样,能够与多种突变或融合蛋白相结合,维持这些蛋白的稳定性。而这些蛋白大多是在肿瘤恶性转化中起关键作用的激酶和转录因子。此外,这种蛋白还可以被分泌到细胞外,促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。

因为在肿瘤细胞中行使多种多样的功能,热休克蛋白90α自1982年被发现以来,就成为临床医学的研究热点,研究人员已发表了一万多篇相关SCI文章。但是,与过往研究的本质区别是,罗永章团队首次阐明癌细胞分泌热休克蛋白90α的调控机制,发现细胞内与细胞外的热休克蛋白90α分子差异,证明了人血浆热休克蛋白90α是一个全新的肿瘤标志物,并且获得批准用于临床。

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