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解密你不知道的C919——访国产大型客机C919总设计师吴光辉

2017-05-05 17:27:23   新华社

5月4日,国产大型客机C919的101架机停靠在位于中国商飞公司祝桥基地的试飞中心内。这是我国自主设计研制、具有国际主流水准的干线客机,将于5月5日完成首飞。

5月4日上午,C919的总设计师吴光辉还在基地的机库内忙碌着,首飞的日子就要到了,作为总设计师,吴光辉的心情既激动又平和。

“首飞是一款新型飞机研制的重要节点,我作为设计师十分激动,但同时我又要不断提醒自己要冷静下来,多想一想,首飞中还会出现什么问题。”吴光辉说,“整体而言,我们的试飞员做好了充分的准备,前期的滑行试验也比预想的好。”

走进机舱内,吴光辉向记者介绍了C919的设计由来与技术突破。作为总设计师,C919大到外形构造,小到系统接口都深深刻画在自己的头脑中。

自主设计,对于一架飞机意味着什么?吴光辉告诉记者,拥有完全自主知识产权是针对飞机整体设计来说的。这主要体现在三个方面:第一,根据市场需求,设定设计方案。“我国已经有了新支线客机ARJ21,原本我想设计更大的飞机,但经过市场调研,150座级的客机是市场上的主流机型,市场前景最好,因此,我们以首先满足国内市场需求为导向选定了这个机型。”

第二,零部件供应需符合设计方案。C919的供应商来自全球,其中不乏同样为空客和波音的供应商,而需要什么样的零部件,对其有怎样的技术要求,这是由中国商飞决定的。“供应商可以来自于全球,但零部件的供应需符合飞机设计的要求,这体现出我们的自主权和决定权。”吴光辉说。

第三,系统集成掌握在自己手中。一架大型客机是复杂的系统集成工程,不同的系统集成在一起需要满足哪些要求,这一控制方案掌握在设计团队手中。“中国商飞的知识产权也体现在对系统之间的集成控制上。C919飞机上有几百万个接口,这关系到液压、航电等多系统之间的关联,绝不是简单的拼接,如何关联,就取决于飞机的设计方案。”吴光辉说。

飞机设计研制是一项科技攻坚的大型工程,为此中国商飞公司团队实现了102项关键技术攻关,主要涉及气动技术、新材料、强度设计等方面。

吴光辉说:“C919设计研制中有多项重大技术突破,比如超临界机翼的设计。飞机设计,气动先行,机头、后体的设计也关系到飞机阻力的减小,但机翼的设计决定了飞机的性能,是最为关键的。我们第一次自主设计超临界机翼,就达到了世界先进水平,得到了国际同行的认可。”

此外,新材料的应用是C919的一大亮点。“C919是第一次大范围地采用铝锂合金的机型,我们为此经过了十年的探索,铝锂合金的供应商是按照我们的要求改善了材料的特性,使之能够更好地适用于C919飞机。”吴光辉说。

飞机的性能究竟如何,还有待于在实际的飞行试验中进行检验。首飞完成后,C919将进入适航取证阶段,接受各项飞机适航的测试考验,为敲开市场大门做准备。

吴光辉说:“C919是在一个合适的时间,以一种正确的模式,推出的一款高水准的产品。C919首先是要满足我们国内的航空运输需要,因为中国是全球最大的民航市场,飞机需求最多。立足国内市场,面向全球市场,这是我对C919的定位。从设计航程看,C919可以满足中国任何点到点的飞行。”

吴光辉参与过我国多款主要机型的设计工作,而他认为,C919是最先进的,相信也会是最成功的。“我希望,也期待着,C919能够受到市场的追捧,希望它能够成为一款明星飞机。”(新华社上海5月4日电)

(责编:庄红韬、赵爽)

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