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保壳“老三样”又添新玩法 内部挖潜效果好

2017-05-05 11:36:11   

经济日报·中国经济网记者 何 川

目前A股上市公司年报已披露完毕,处于退市边缘的上市公司如何保壳成为市场关注的热点。从历史经验来看,上市公司被“退市风险警示”的绝大多数原因是业绩连年亏损,目前在85只ST股中,已有*ST油工、*ST金瑞等80家去年归属于母公司股东的净利润为正,成功扭亏为盈,有望“摘星脱帽”,但还有*ST嘉陵、*ST重钢等5家公司续亏。

总体来看,这些ST股在主业不济的情况下,大多凭借着“老三样”,即资产出售、资产重组和财政补贴等实现扭亏。以*ST恒立为例,去年公司实现主营业务收入3981万元,同比下降14.5%;但归属净利润达到4799万元,同比增长202%。公司主业不振,利润却大幅增长,主要原因在于其出售子公司股权。2016年11月份,公司将全资子公司岳阳恒通实业80%股权出让给长沙丰泽,扭亏为盈。

通过资产重组扭亏也是不少ST股的选择。*ST宏盛2016年8月份开始筹划重大资产重组,拟向上海凌垒出售莱茵达租赁45%股权,以现金方式向朗森汽车购买旭恒置业70%股权。莱茵达租赁45%股权的交易价格为1亿元,旭恒置业70%股权的交易价格为6891.37万元。本次重大资产重组后,公司置出了盈利能力较弱的融资租赁资产,同时置入盈利能力较强经营性房地产业务,持续经营能力得到较大改善,2016年实现盈利。

此外,部分ST股还接受政府各种补贴。2016年第四季度,*ST中特获得政府补助资金5978万元,较上一年度同比增长184.01%,同时公司转让所持兵器装备集团财务有限责任公司部分股权取得收益6737.75万元,使得2016年业绩超出前期预计,并成功摘帽。此外,去年年报中,*ST中发计入当期损益的政府补助也达到了1736万元,助力公司盈利。

值得关注的是,在上述3种较为传统的扭亏方式之外,2017年上市公司“保壳战”中也出现相对另类的玩法,“中国好股东”便是其中一例。2016年12月30日,*ST亚星发布公告称,公司接收深圳长城汇理二号专项投资企业(有限合伙)无偿赠与的现金1.35亿元。后者是*ST亚星的控股股东,持有公司23.60%股权。公告显示,其无偿赠与的原因是“为了提升公司的持续经营能力、消除退市风险,并为未来公司开展产业转型打下坚实基础”。

此外,还有ST股因为获得大笔补偿款而实现盈利。以*ST东钽为例,公司因终止重大资产重组而获得了3.52亿元的补偿款,有力支撑了公司保壳。根据年报显示,2016年7月27日,东方钽业、中色东方与隆泰创投、大连远洋渔业金枪鱼钓有限公司及其实际控制人励振羽先生在《股权转让协议》有关罚则条款的基础上,经反复洽谈,最终确定了3.52亿元的补偿金额,并签署了《关于终止东方钽业重大资产重组相关事宜的协议》。

财富证券分析师赵欢表示,“无论是通过出售资产,还是接受补贴和赠与,这种依靠短期收益扭亏的ST股未来业绩仍存在较大不确定性。只有那些通过主营业务收入大幅改善来扭亏的ST股,投资才有相对保障”。

实际上,确实也有部分ST公司通过内部挖潜,由输血变造血,实现业绩扭亏。*ST神火表示,公司主营产品(煤炭、铝产品)价格与上年同期相比基本持平,但公司积极争取优惠政策支持,及时调整产业布局、优化产品结构,通过采取控产提效、挖潜增效、减亏增盈、节支降耗、减人降薪等一系列措施,成本费用大幅下降,公司主营业务盈利能力大幅增强。

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