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我国应继续利用低油价扩大石油储备

2017-05-02 10:16:14   经济参考报

原标题:我国应继续利用低油价扩大石油储备

4月28日,国家统计局发布国家石油储备数据:截至2016年年中,我国建成舟山、舟山扩建、镇海、大连、黄岛、独山子、兰州、天津及黄岛国家石油储备洞库共九个国家石油储备基地,利用上述储备库及部分社会企业库容,储备原油3325万吨。该数据在2015年年中仅为2610万吨,短短一年内,国家战略储备增加了715万吨,这意味着我国石油储备建设取得重要进展。

随着国内原油生产遇到瓶颈,经济建设对于原油的需求却与日俱增,这使得我国原油的对外依存度逐年递增,2015年已突破60%的关口。2014年11月底,国际油价呈倾泻式下跌,高油价时代暂告结束,国际油价从100美元/桶的高位跌至30美元/桶附近。我国充分抓住了低油价时代的机遇,为扩充国家战略储备“增粮备仓”。

石油战略储备对于保障国家的能源与经济安全有着重大意义,很多原油净进口国,都已建立比较完善的原油战略储备体系。从上世纪90年代开始,我国就成为原油净进口国。近年来,随着经济发展带来的能源需求增加,我国对进口原油的依赖度持续攀升,加快储备体系建设的紧迫性日益凸显。

目前,国际公认的安全石油战略储备为90天。美国目前的战略储备为6.93亿桶(约9365万吨),足以支持149天的进口保护。日本的战略储备也接近150天,德国的战略储备为100天。根据中国2016至2020年五年规划,中国到2020年将完成第二期战略石油收储,并将在其他储存库展开初步工作。此前,国家统计局曾表示,中国的目标是到2020年使储备总量满足100天的消费需求。

对于我国而言,石油战略储备还有更为重要的意义:其一,保证必要的原油储备,可以在国际油价或国际石油市场发生突发情况时,有一个充分应急的时间与措施;其二,中国有3万亿美元的外汇储备,其中大量是美元,为了对冲美元币值的不稳定风险,除了储备美元外,还有必要储备一些大宗商品,如原油、黄金等。

此外还需引起重视的是,“低油价”时代不会持续太久。2016年2月,国际油价触及26美元/桶的低位后,进入反弹通道。截至2017年4月底,WTI已经持续几个月徘徊在50美元/桶附近。未来几年,国际油价还有进一步升高的空间,50美元/桶不会是常态,因此应充分利用当前尚不算太高的油价,进一步扩充我国石油战略储备,同时积极发展民营企业及社会的储备力量,将我国的石油安全再推上一个新的台阶。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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