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微信平台赞赏的法律边界在哪 如何避免沦为收钱手段

2017-04-27 10:53:54   检察日报

4月18日,中国信息通信研究院产业与规划研究所正式发布《2016微信社会经济影响力研究》报告。报告透露,2016年微信拉动全社会消费近4475亿元。

巨额数字的背后,微信赞赏功能不得不提。对于不少自媒体用户来说,微信赞赏是其不可忽视的收入来源之一。然而,4月19日下午,微信官方宣布,受苹果公司新规定影响,自2017年4月19日17时起,iOS版微信公众平台赞赏功能关闭,用户可通过二维码方式转账。4月20日凌晨,微信再次通知,iOS版微信二维码赞赏方式也被禁止。

微信和苹果之间的这场博弈将微信赞赏功能置于舆论的“风口浪尖”。那么,微信赞赏功能涉及哪些法律问题?记者对此进行了采访。

可以借微信赞赏之名募捐吗?

接连两次发出通知后,微信将iOS版微信赞赏功能彻底关闭。根据微信的说法,原因主要是苹果要求iOSAPP虚拟支付必须走内购通道。而苹果认为,微信赞赏功能属于APP内虚拟支付,违反了苹果的规定。

对此,中国人民大学商法研究所所长、中国消费者协会副会长刘俊海认为,无论苹果还是腾讯,企业间应当按照商业的规矩进行博弈和谈判,寻求解决问题的最优方案,不能以损害第三方用户的利益作为解决商业利益纠纷的通道。

第三方用户的身份各异,在网络上由于微信赞赏引发关注的个案也不在少数。刘俊海表示,从法律角度而言,微信赞赏是一种赠与行为,体现了尊重知识产权的要义,符合市场行情,无可厚非。但是,不能以慈善、募捐等名义用欺诈的手段来获取赞赏。

2016年11月25日,罗尔的公众号文章《罗一笑,你给我站住》收到了11万余人的赞赏,经微信统计,赞赏金额超200万元。虽然最后资金已被全部退还,但这种消费大众同情心的行为已被不少网友口诛笔伐。微信官方也在公开致歉说明中强调,赞赏功能不得以募捐、赌博抽奖、售卖商品为目的,或者增值服务为手段诱使读者使用。

对于微信赞赏行为与募捐的界限如何界定,广东省深圳市民政局救灾救助和慈善处处长钟礼银接受媒体采访时明确表示,“网友微信赞赏行为不算是募捐行为”。

记者了解到,目前这种私人募捐特别是微信朋友圈个人募捐还属法律真空地带,法律没有明确规定禁止。北京威诺律师事务所主任杨兆全表示,慈善募捐和个人求助应当通过法律予以界定。赞赏募捐的行为违背了腾讯“扶持优质内容”的初衷,也是对读者捐款的不负责。建议选择合法合规的网络募捐平台进行捐赠,以便相关捐助资金在规范的流程下被更好地管理和监控,无论对捐助者还是受助者,这都是更妥当的选择。

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