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季报来袭!短期内一季度或成周期性行业景气高点

2017-04-26 14:34:22   

作者 郭艳红(方正证券研究所宏观策略首席分析师、中新经纬特约专家)

上市公司一季度业绩报告正迎来集中发布期。截至4月22日,已有1455家上市公司发布了一季度业绩预告,占比近半。629家创业板上市公司中,已有628家发布一季度业绩预告,发布率最高;中小板848家上市公司中有425家发布一季度业绩预告,占比过半;主板发布率稍低,为23.37%。总体而言,目前已发布业绩预告的上市公司基本可以代表一季度整体盈利情况。

从一季报盈利情况来看,上市公司一季报表现十分抢眼。全部可比已披露业绩预告上市公司一季报净利润,由去年一季度盈利168.8亿元大幅提升至今年一季度盈利819.55亿元。其中,主板上市公司因钢铁和采掘行业扭亏为盈,业绩由去年一季报亏损99亿元大幅提升至盈利454亿元,中小板达到75.98%,创业板增速为15.41%,较2016年全年有所下滑。考虑到主板尚有大部分公司未披露一季报预告,整体增速可能会有所平滑,但高增长已成定局。公司层面,在全部已发布一季度业绩预告的1455家公司中,158家扭亏,454家预增,59家续盈,292家略增,业绩预喜公司合计达到963家,业绩预喜率达到66.2%。

分行业来看,周期行业和新兴行业均有显著改善。一季报业绩提升较大的行业集中在传统行业和周期性行业,机械、钢铁、有色采掘、轻工制造和化工净利润增速排名居前。上游的钢铁和采掘行业扭亏,业绩改善明显。笔者认为,去年供给侧改革和需求复苏驱动上游资源品涨价,相关上市公司因此受益。中游方面,机械、轻工和化工业绩均大幅提升,其中机械行业业绩提升幅度最大。一季度挖掘机销量大幅超预期,带动机械行业业绩飙升。新兴产业方面业绩也有所改善,计算机、电子业绩增速较猛,传媒业绩增速较平稳。环保和通信行业预增幅度较小。消费品方面,整体业绩高速增长,食品饮料和纺织服装预增幅度较大,家电和医药增速较平稳。

总体而言,周期行业改善的原因各有不同。2016年煤炭产量下降9.4%,消费量下降1.3%,供给收缩是价格上涨和行业景气改善的主要原因。钢铁行业2016年产量上升1.2%,消费量上升1.3%,与煤炭行业相比,需求略有改善,其中主要在于地产、汽车和基建投资的增长。数据显示,2016年房地产投资增长6.9%,汽车产量增长14.5%,基建投资增长超过15%。另外,因为上市公司主要是大型公司,基本属于行业或者区域性的龙头,在各省出台去产能的政策基础上显著受益,兼并、重组和整合催生区域性龙头。新兴产业景气高增长的原因在于其仍处于行业高速发展期,增长迅速,需求有扩张。

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