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中国资本为“一带一路”建设增添新动能

2017-04-24 17:23:30   中国经济网

3月下旬,国家开发银行厦门分行宣布,2016年累计支持印尼项目23个,发放外币贷款16.9亿美元,在印尼中资银行中排名第一。该行在电力、通讯、矿产、造纸、基础设施、产业园区、金融等领域覆盖中国和印尼企业近300家,支持“一带一路”首个“走出去”高铁项目——雅万高铁正式开工建设,支持青山集团建设全球单体规模最大、产业链最长、技术最先进的不锈钢生产集群,支持中国内地首个在境外设立分校的厦门大学马来西亚分校建设。不难看出,从资金走出去、基础设施建设、国际产能合作等角度,中国资本正积极为世界经济尤其是“一带一路”沿线发展增添新动能。

当前,国际金融危机余波尚未消退,保护主义和逆全球化呈抬头之势。世界各国面临着国际贸易增速放缓、金融外汇市场震荡加剧的共同挑战,亟需寻找新的发展动能来摆脱经济增长乏力的困境。在此过程中,新兴市场经济体开始主动寻求对外贸易转型和产业结构调整,同时积极扩大对外直接投资以更好地参与全球化生产、融入国际分工体系。这不仅有助于新兴市场经济体开拓国外市场、扩大出口规模,还可通过转移不具有比较优势的产业,为优势产业的发展腾挪出空间,提高本国产业的国际竞争力,更可以加速推动全球贸易、金融、生产和市场的一体化进程,直接拉动全球经济增长。

作为新兴市场经济的重要一员,中国经济也面临着深刻的结构调整、动力转换、战略转型压力。随着中国经济步入新常态,通过何种方式、选择何种途径进一步激发市场活力、助推国内经济增长、加快世界经济复苏成为一大新课题。“一带一路”建设需要以资本为杠杆撬动沿线地区发展理念和治理模式升级、产业结构和贸易结构转型、基础设施建设和配套系统完善、区域经济合作和发展对接,也正是中国积极完善全球生产分工体系、主动融入世界经济发展的首创之举。在印尼取得的上述早期收获,势必将促进投资对象国和周边国家互联互通和相互融合,促进东南亚乃至泛亚地区内资源配置更为高效、要素流动更为便捷,促进沿线国家经济可持续发展并拉动地区乃至全球经济增长。

当然,中国资本走出去并非一路坦途。国际环境复杂性加剧了投资的风险性,包括全球和区域经济变动的宏观风险、东道国的政治风险和宗教文化适应风险、所投产业的市场风险等;中国现行法律体系、市场机制、管理方式等经济管理体制与国际通用标准仍存一定差异,需要逐步适应东道国的投资法律、会计准则等基本制度;中国企业“走出去”时间还较短,在大型投资管理、资本运作等方面缺乏运营经验和人才队伍。上述共性问题的妥善解决,关系到投资国和东道国能否实现合作共赢,关系到中国资本走出去和“一带一路”建设能否开花结果。

但是,只要中国资本坚持遵循市场经济规律、遵从海外市场规则,坚持找准市场战略定位、充分发挥主业优势,坚持科学管理、责任明晰、稳健经营、人才建设,坚持树立互利共赢理念、承担更多社会责任,就一定能在大规模地经营实践中成功探索出一条“一带一路”建设的可持续发展之路。(经济日报驻雅加达记者 田 原)

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