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转移支付制度改革将多方面推进

2016-12-29 10:58:11   

日前,财政部部长肖捷受国务院委托,向全国人大常委会报告深化财政转移支付制度改革情况,提出从七个方面进一步推进转移支付制度改革。

“财政转移支付制度是现代财政制度的重要内容,目的在于促进地区间基本公共服务的均等化,推动国家宏观调控政策目标的贯彻落实,保障和改善民生,支持经济社会持续健康发展。”中国财政科学研究院副院长白景明表示。

中央对地方转移支付分为一般性转移支付和专项转移支付。一般性转移支付是指上级政府对有财力缺口的下级政府,按照规范的办法给予的补助。一般性转移支付不规定具体用途,由下级政府根据本地区实际情况统筹安排使用。专项转移支付是指上级政府为了实现特定的经济和社会发展目标,给予下级政府的资金补助,由下级政府按照上级政府规定的用途安排使用。

近年来,党中央、国务院对改革和完善中央对地方转移支付制度作出了部署和规定,转移支付制度改革取得了阶段性成效,转移支付管理的规范性、科学性、有效性和透明度明显提高。

据统计,2016年中央对地方转移支付规模达到5.29万亿元,其中一般性转移支付3.2万亿元,专项转移支付2.09万亿元,有力地推进了基本公共服务均等化、促进了区域协调发展、保障了各项民生政策的顺利落实。

肖捷介绍了改革的一系列成效,包括转移支付资金管理办法逐步规范、转移支付结构进一步优化、专项转移支付数量明显压减、转移支付预算执行进度明显加快、转移支付预算公开力度不断加大、转移支付绩效管理稳步推进。

比如,稳步增加一般性转移支付规模,一般性转移支付占全部转移支付的比重由2013年的56.7%逐步提高至2016年的60.5%;2016年,专项转移支付数量已由2013年的220个大幅压减到94个,压减率达57%。

在肯定改革成效的同时,肖捷也指出了目前还存在的一些问题,包括转移支付改革与财政事权和支出责任划分改革衔接不够;转移支付资金统筹力度有待加强,资金闲置沉淀问题依然存在;专项转移支付清理整合没有到位;转移支付管理有待规范,预算公开和绩效评价有待加强。

“转移支付制度改革是深化财税体制改革的重要任务,是建立现代财政制度的重要内容,是确保中央宏观调控政策和民生保障措施落实的有效手段。”肖捷提出从七个方面进一步推进转移支付制度改革:促进转移支付与财政事权和支出责任划分相适应,加大转移支付资金统筹力度,进一步清理整合专项转移支付,逐步取消竞争性领域专项,建立健全专项转移支付设立、定期评估和退出机制,不断强化转移支付管理,推动地方完善财政转移支付制度。

值得注意的是,肖捷在报告中提出要继续做好转移支付预算公开,进一步细化公开内容。“此举是通过信息公开倒逼转移支付管理水平提高,这也是新预算法的要求。”白景明说。

对于建立健全专项转移支付设立、定期评估和退出机制,白景明认为,这项措施有利于严格控制专项转移支付项目和资金规模,增强地方财政的统筹能力。

“深化转移支付制度改革还迫切需要加快政府职能转变和深化财政体制改革。要进一步深化‘放管服’改革,理顺政府和市场、政府与社会的关系,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用;要加快推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革,理顺中央与地方之间的关系,充分调动中央和地方两个积极性;要在保持中央和地方财力格局总体稳定的前提下,加快地方税体系建设,进一步推进中央和地方收入划分改革,从根本上为深化转移支付改革奠定基础和创造条件。”肖捷说。

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