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国企改革样本:体制一变天地宽

2016-12-28 11:11:47   

截至目前,新一轮国企改革仍在整体推进之中。随着一系列改革举措的落地生根,率先实施改革的国有企业已经开始享受改革的红利。

兖矿集团是山东省较早改建的国有资本投资运营公司之一。集团董事长李希勇介绍,虽然兖矿集团名称没改变,但是企业的发展格局完全不一样了。由实业公司发展成投资控股集团之后,企业的产融结合相互支持,为企业转型升级提供了可能。

他说,以前企业上项目都得借钱、招人,只能“进”不能“退”;今后兖矿的资本布局将通过资本市场并购来进行,对于符合企业发展战略的新项目,可以从参股到控股一步步进入。今年,兖矿集团已经通过资本运作实现利润20多亿元,推动了企业整体盈利水平的大幅度提升。

国企优势与民企机制深度融合带来“1+1>2”的效果。江西建工集团曾是江西省有名的“困难户”,2009年集团大小10个国有全资子公司改制为集团公司绝对控股、职工入股比例为10%至45%不等的混合所有制企业,2010年前后又推动了集团母公司层面的混合所有制改革,引入39.8%的民营和外资股份。

江西建工集团董事长李平介绍,改革后江西建工集团当年新签合同额和营业收入均同比增长两成以上,整体扭亏为盈,结束了长达13年的亏损局面;从2009年到2015年,累计实现利润22.3亿元,职工年人均收入从不到2万元快速增长到10万元以上。

“体制机制一变天地宽”——这是曾经的辽宁国企亏损大户葫芦岛锌厂党委书记张正东对“混改”的最深体会。葫芦岛锌厂实施混合所有制改革之后,民营管理团队进驻锌厂,敢于动真碰硬的他们仅用100天就提出120项封堵“跑冒滴漏”的小改小革项目,对内“治懒、治贪”,对外“治赖、治蛮”。去年以来,葫芦岛锌厂以生产经营新机制力推供给侧结构性改革,通过完善“奖优罚劣”激励措施调动员工积极性,全面对接市场做好产品结构优化和新产品开发,企业的劳动生产率、市场响应能力均大幅提升。

尽管有色金属行业持续低迷,葫芦岛锌厂“混改”以来却逆势飘红,2015年有色金属产量增长25.8%,产值增长74.2%,扭亏为盈实现利润1亿元;今年前9个月公司工业产值增长19.46%,实现利润1.41亿元。

员工持股激发企业经营活力。2007年由科研院所改制而来的中国瑞林为留住人才,确立了骨干员工高比例持股的原则,形成了长期有效的股权激励机制,并设计了“股随岗设、岗变股变、人离股转”的股权管理原则。目前,公司1200名员工中,持股比例超过30%。

员工股权流动起来,激发了企业活力。中国瑞林副总经理张晓军介绍,2007年瑞林人均产值5万多元,到2015年人均产值已超过一百万元,公司资产总额较改制前年均增长率36%,净利润增长13倍,员工所持股价值是改制之初的12.8倍。

高管“能上能下”提升管理层内生动力。长期以来,国企高管同时也是由上级任命的“高官”,但这一“铁饭碗”如今正在逐渐被打破。鲁信集团总经理相开进是山东省首位契约化管理的经理人,他告诉记者,根据合同约定,他的薪酬最高可以达到董事长的三倍,但是如果不能完成合同中约定的经营目标,他将面临被解聘的风险。他说:“摘掉了‘官帽子’,动力更足、压力也更大。毕竟,做不好是会被直接解聘的。”

在央企层面,改革强动力、增活力、释红利的效果也正在彰显。国资委数据显示,今年1-10月,中央企业实现营业收入18.7万亿元,同比增长1.2%,扭转了连续18个月的下滑局面,企业效益恢复性增长的目标初步实现。

(本版稿件除署名外,均由记者陈灏、杨毅沉、王炳坤、李美娟、叶锋采写)

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