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解读:老龄化程度加深,养老保险能否兜得住?

2016-12-23 09:42:27   

“最近,国际社会保障协会把‘社会保障杰出成就奖’授予中国政府,是对近年来养老保险制度改革发展的肯定。”郑功成说。

改革提速

坚持统账结合不变

中央经济工作会议明确,要加快出台养老保险制度改革方案。这引发不少人畅想:养老保险改革举措推出不少,还会有哪些改革?

“下一步改革的重点,是形成养老保险顶层设计方案,促使养老保险制度从单项突破向总体优化转变,最终使养老保险制度走向成熟定型。”郑功成表示。

养老保险顶层设计,应该围绕什么?郑功成说,基本内容至少应包括5个部分。一是明确发展目标,即养老保险要追求制度统一、均衡责任负担、保障适度水平、完善多层结构、维护公平公正。二是确定多层次架构及其功能定位。即以基本养老保险为根本,辅之以企业年金或职业年金,积极发展商业保险,建立起多层次的保障体系。三是均衡责任主体的负担,即政府、用人单位与参保者个人的负担相对均衡,同时逐步降低用人单位缴费费率。四是尽快实现基础养老金全国统筹,以更高层次社会统筹充分体现社会公平。五是设计合理过渡方案,为实现顶层设计目标提供操作依据。

基本养老保险是整个养老保险制度的主体和根基。一段时间以来,基本养老保险采取什么样的制度、是否要在此轮改革中调整,一直存有争议。“稳中求进是当前经济工作总基调,也应当是深化养老保险制度改革总基调。我国实行社会统筹和个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度,这一点不会变。那种主张大账户或全账户制的观点,不符合法定养老保险制度常识与规律,只会导致制度异化。”郑功成说。

据了解,我国养老保险自20世纪90年代以来实行社会统筹和个人账户相结合的制度,在基金筹集上采取传统的国家、单位、个人共同负担模式,实行社会共济,在养老金计发上强调个人账户养老金激励因素。经过20多年发展,这项制度运行平稳有序,效果总体良好。深化养老保险制度改革,将进一步完善个人账户制度,但坚持统账结合的基本养老保险制度这个前提没有变。

迎接挑战

通过改革实现全国统筹

我国正加速进入老龄化社会。第六次人口普查数据显示,2010年我国60岁以上老年人口1.77亿人,已占总人口13.26%。公众对于养老保险高度关注,格外担心可能出现的风险。特别是近两年,“养老保险不保险、一半省份靠财政补贴”“养老保险基金缺口扩大”等说法时时冒出来,更让参保者紧张。

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