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中国马铃薯主粮化取得新进展

2016-12-21 13:37:45   

过去,在大多数老百姓的餐桌上,土豆就是一盘小菜。现在,马铃薯主食开发的实践表明,“小土豆”不小,正在成为“大产业”。

“第一代马铃薯主食产品自去年6月1日成功上市以来,经过一年半的发展,产品数量、质量都取得了积极进展。”在近日召开的第四季度马铃薯主食开发成果展示交流会上,农业部总农艺师孙中华表示。

马铃薯主粮化的积极进展体现在产品升级换代、种类推陈出新上。农业部统计数据显示,我国马铃薯主食中全粉添加比例,已由第一代产品的30%左右,提高到当前第二代产品的50%以上。目前,全粉配比55%的馒头、50%的面条、50%的复配米已在市场广泛销售。产品种类由最初的馒头、面条、米粉,迅速拓展到饺子、饼、凉皮、蒸包、油条、麻花、煎饼等,形成6大系列近300种马铃薯主食产品。尤为可喜的是,地域特色型、休闲消遣型、功能保健型等马铃薯主食产品,比如航空食品、列车食品,正逐步开发出来,以满足不同地域、不同人群、不同年龄消费者的需求。

与小麦淀粉相比,马铃薯全粉不含面筋蛋白,就像混凝土中缺少钢筋,加工过程中存在成型难、易断条、不耐煮、易浑汤等技术难题。由中国农科院牵头,地方农业科研院校参加,农业部成立了马铃薯主食开发技术协作组,开展联合攻关,攻克技术瓶颈。通过配方工艺革新,运用多项技术专利,加工成的主食产品口感筋道、细腻爽滑、风味独特。虽然用于加工普通馒头、面条、米粉的生产装备不适合加工马铃薯主食产品,但科研部门通过对连续压面、自动成型、自动摆盘等核心装备进行改造,研发出了真空和面机、一体化仿生擀面机、恒温恒湿智能熟化等新型装备,大幅提升了马铃薯主食加工能力。

据农业部统计,目前马铃薯主食加工企业已超过200家,仅内蒙古销售收入过百万元的就达到73家。以企业为主体的马铃薯主食加工产业联盟发展壮大,成员数量由250家增加到330多家,覆盖全国31个省区市。在马铃薯主食开发项目带动下,相关企业建立了一批原料生产基地,新上了一批生产线,马铃薯主食产品加工规模不断扩大。目前已形成马铃薯主食加工能力100万吨以上。试点省和重点推进城市涌现出了一批带动力强、信誉度高的马铃薯主食加工企业。湖北、四川等省主食加工企业与贫困地区、民族地区的马铃薯优势产区合作,大力发展专用品种订单种植,带动产业扶贫,促进贫困地区“造血式”发展。

营养化、便利化、特色化、经济化是马铃薯主食开发攻关的方向。孙中华认为,应充分发挥马铃薯营养全面、均衡的优势,在不影响主食产品外观、色泽、口感的前提下,适当提高马铃薯全粉配比,建立不同产品的最优配粉比例,使产品更加营养,满足健康消费的需求。当前马铃薯主食产品仍然是工厂化生产、集中供应的单一渠道,要改进加工工艺,拓宽消费渠道,开发适宜家庭化生产的大众食品、适宜快餐化生产的便捷食品,满足不同人群的消费需求。

从去年开始,中央财政每年安排1亿元资金,今年新增2500万元部门预算资金,支持开展马铃薯主食开发,引导和扶持马铃薯主食加工重点企业。农业部鼓励科研单位与企业合作,以科技创新带动马铃薯主食开发。

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