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反物质原子光谱测量首次完成

2016-12-20 10:41:12   

英国《自然》杂志19日在线发表了一项粒子物理学重大进展:欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)报告了对反物质原子的首次光谱测量,实现了反物质物理学研究长期以来的一个目标。该成果标志着人类向高精度测试物质与反物质行为是否不同迈进了重要一步。

当今宇宙为何看起来几乎全由普通物质构成,这是物理学界的一个重大谜题。因为根据粒子物理学经典模型的预测,在大爆炸发生之后应存在等量的物质和反物质。光照射可以激发原子,当原子恢复至基态时会发光,光的频率分布形成,可以借用其光谱精确地测量出原子属性,这也是光谱学的基本原理。但是,反物质难以产生和捕捉,因为反物质一旦与物质接触就会湮灭,这为科学家测量其属性带来挑战。

欧核中心反质子减速器的最新进展,让研究人员得以捕捉和测量反质子与反氢原子。现在,来自欧核中心反氢激光物理装置(ALPHA)项目的丹麦科学家杰弗里·汉斯特及其同事,在圆柱形真空腔内成功磁捕获反氢原子。这一真空腔长仅280毫米,直径为44毫米,研究人员通过真空腔上的窗口向里面照射激光,测量了反原子1S—2S的跃迁(从基态向激发态跃迁)情况。

研究团队报告称,反氢的跃迁频率与氢的跃迁频率一致。氢的光谱已经得到高精度表征,因此反氢光谱学的改进应可以促成对物质—反物质对称性的高敏度测试。

ALPHA装置是欧核中心捕获反原子的“利器”,该项目组此前曾用特殊磁场将反氢原子“抓住”达1000秒,还曾首次对反物质与引力的相互作用进行直接分析。  (记者张梦然)

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