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专家建议摸清污染实情健全生态补偿体系

2016-12-20 10:31:51   

原标题:专家建议摸清污染实情健全生态补偿体系

专家表示,我国石油行业因缺乏全面的污染现状统计数据和生态补偿的相关法律,导致监管不力、问题丛生。他们建议,应立刻重视污染问题,及早对油区污染情况进行摸底,同时严格监控油企污染排放,对那些重视环保投入的企业可给予财税优惠。

“目前从企业到政府,都没有污染实情的统计数据。一方面,缺乏陕北石油污染面积,涉及村庄、人群等调查数据;另一方面,缺少污染程度的研判。污染的危害到底有多大,各方说法不一。”西安石油大学化学化工学院教授屈撑囤说。

——立项调查摸清陕北污染现状。多位专家表示,与新疆沙漠里的油田不同,陕北油田与农耕区域交叉,对农民生活影响颇大。原油泄漏的影响是否严重,目前没有可靠、全面的统计数据。建议由政府立项,成立专家组对陕北地区全面调查,摸清土地、水体污染数据,给未来产业和地区的发展提供数据指导。

——健全生态补偿法律和标准。归根问底,除了企业责任缺失外,漏油事故频发,还有我国生态补偿法律不健全、政府监管处罚力度不足的原因。西安交通大学陕西经济研究中心副主任王育宝建议,国家应尽快制定非再生资源生态补偿相关法律。

王育宝表示,美国有专门的《石油污染法》,但我国针对油污生态补偿的法律,尚处于空白状态。目前处理油污事故,都是依靠《环保法》、《矿产资源法》等。

由于缺乏统一的补偿标准和办法,导致在生态环境遭破坏的时候,企业经常以无具体赔偿标准为由推诿,拖延赔偿;其次,漏油造成污染的程度很难评估,目前只能测算针对水资源的污染,针对生物多样性的损害还不能准确估算,这也是生态补偿面临的难题之一。

王育宝建议,国家应尽快制定非再生资源生态补偿相关法律,因为没有法律,漏油事故就难以追究刑事责任。目前行政处罚的问责形式,对责任人没有威慑力,在建设中存在偷工减料,也没法严格管控。

同时,必须按照“开发者保护、污染者治理、破坏者恢复、受益者补偿”的原则,明确油企、社会公众和各级政府的责任,建立多层次、跨区域的生态补偿成本分担制度;同时,可设立环境损害赔偿基金,开征能源税、污染税等新税种。

——加强政府监管力度,提高执法透明度。专家建议建立环保、国土、安监三个部门的执法检查联动机制。环保部门要加强生态监管,对油企在生产中造成的环境污染和生态污染要给予严厉惩处。

——对重视环保企业给予优惠措施。屈撑囤建议,对于环保投资较大的油企,国家应该给予减税,鼓励企业继续投资。“美国企业建设一个环保设施,国家会给予退税,或从电力方面补偿。我国也可效仿,提高企业投入环保的积极性,也能缓解油企的财政之困。”

——引导企业与高校、科研院所合作。屈撑囤等建议,与国内外一些权威大学、科研院所合作,推广环保技术及时应用。另一方面,双方可加强合作,共同培养技术人才,力争突破管道检测等多个环保难题。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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