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战略性新兴产业成为中国经济蓄势前行的新动力
2016-11-18 15:42:17 中国社会科学网
在动荡的国际经济金融环境下,无论是发达经济体,还是新兴经济体,都程度不同地面临着共同的问题。那就是:传统的增长动力在逐步减弱,需要在新常态下培育新的增长动力。因此,发展创新型的战略性新兴产业,已经成为主要经济体产业结构升级和抢占全球经济发展制高点的关键。当前,中国推动战略性新兴产业发展的一系列政策举措,正在逐步产生效果,并增强中国经济蓄势前行的新发展动力。
在中国当前重点推动战略性新兴产业发展,主要是在劳动力成本等持续上升、追赶型增长方式面临外部约束等背景下的必然政策选择,体现了内生增长的内涵。经典的内生增长理论认为,国家或地区经济可不依赖外力推动而通过自身内在因素实现持续健康增长,内生的技术进步和创新是推动经济持续增长的决定要素,其中技术创新是经济增长的源泉,而劳动分工程度和专业化人力资本的积累水平决定技术创新水平高低。技术进步带来消费需求结构和产业结构分化,由技术研发机制、市场培育机制、制度激励机制共同作用直接推动产业发展。战略性新兴产业内生性增长体现为需求、知识、制度等内生变量的增长。同时,基于中国当前的市场潜力、以及人力资源等方面的雄厚积累,推动战略新兴产业的发展,是有现实条件支持的。另外,适应转型需求的战略新兴产业,往往对整个产业的转型具有一定的先行、引领、引导作用。技术的重大突破导致技术分化,形成不同发展方向的技术,继而依靠技术选择形成市场信赖的技术群和企业群。产业创新技术的先行性、主导性和突破性,使产业具有政策导向作用,预示着未来经济发展重心能够代表未来科技、产业发展的方向,成为产业发展的主流,在未来较长时期内对经济和产业发展具有较强的引领和带动作用。
2016年以来,中国加快推进“三大战略”从蓝图向现实转化。一是推进一带一路建设,一批交通、能源、通信等产能合作和重大标志性工程落定。二是新增长带、增长极支撑作用显现,京津冀协同发展重大项目加快实施,北京城市副中心加快规划建设,长江经济带生态保护,通用航空、城市轻轨等新兴综合交通建设进一步加强。三是新产业、新业态、新模式等新经济形态快速发展,如基于互联网、大数据、物联网和生物技术的应用创新快速拓展,制造业企业数字化车间、智能工厂改造提速。
同时,制度、政策鼓励和保障催促新经济、新动能茁壮孕育成长,对经济稳定增长正在发挥重要的作用。一是商事制度改革再次提速,“五证合一、一照一码”全面实施,全社会创业创新呈现蓬勃发展的好势头。2016年前三季度,全国新登记企业401万户,同比增长27%,日均新登记企业1.46万户。二是大力推动创新驱动发展。制定国家创新驱动发展战略纲要,加快航空发动机及燃气轮机自主研发和制造生产,落实中国制造“2025”,实施互联网加行动计划和国家大数据战略,超级计算、量子通信和大飞机等尖端领域创新成果不断涌现,2016年前7个月国内发明专利授权量增长49.5%。
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